280 OBSERVATIONS INTllODUCTORY TO THE CATALOGUE OF 



^thiops, Trechus similis, T. cognatus, T. collaris,Loricerapilicornis 

 (not always thus limited), Carahus arvends, C. nitens, Staphylinus 

 Latehricola, Myrmedonia canaliculata (in common with the sea- 

 coast), Aphodius Lapponum, Stropliosomus limhatus, Ceutorhynchus 

 Ericce, and Hcdtica oleracea, (sometimes, however, locally attached 

 to Helianthemum vulgare). The mountain district is formed 

 from a conjunction of the heath, bog, and pastoral divisions, pro- 

 longed to such an altitude, as shall permit species of an alpine 

 character to descend, mingle with, and at length displace the 

 hardier natives of the inferior region, that venture to intrude into 

 the domain of clouds and snow. It is only in the Cheviot range 

 that this limit is attained, and the species characteristic of it, so 

 far as a limited and partial survey has permitted of their being 

 ascertained, are : — Carahus glahratus, Calathus micropterus, Geo- 

 trupes vernalis, Anthophagus alpinus, Arpedium hxcchypterum, 

 Homalota nivalis, and Otiorhynchus maurus. 



It might be expected that the Fhytophagous Beetles would 

 occur in company with the plants on which they depend for sub- 

 sistance, wherever these spring up in abundance. This is far, 

 however, from being the case, even in places situated within the 

 same parallel. Thus, at Wooler, the Echium mdgare yields Ceu- 

 torhynchiis Echii, ?ind Long itarsus femoralis, while at Budle, this 

 plant is destitute of insects ; and in the same manner, Veronica 

 Anagallis is rich in Gymnaetron niger near the one place, while 

 it is absent from it at the other. The Water-cress is inhabited 

 by a variety of insects, often differing according to the locality. 

 Geranium sanguineuvi so profusely distributed among the sand- 

 hills of North Northumberland, is unfrequented by insects, while, 

 near Hartlepool, it supports Limobius fulvipes and Ccelioides 

 Geranii. The reason of these beetles being present at Hartle- 

 pool, appears to be that they primarily proceed from Castle Eden 

 Dene, which links the inland region with the coast. 



From Northumberland being nearly encircled with moors on 

 the west, and by the Cheviot and its spars to the north, from the 

 Lammermoors of Berwickshire, still farther behind, drawing a 

 still broader line of demarcation, to intercept whatever might 

 advance either towards the north or south, along the narrow 



