1893. RESEARCHES ON INSECT ANATOMY. By 
From each cone the nerve-fibre passes along the wall of the tracheal 
tube, first to a ganglion cell, and then to join the tympanal nerve, 
which is situated where the tracheal wall comes into contact with the 
drum (Figs. 5, 6). 
Near the upper end of the crista acustica is situated a mass of 
nerve-endings which have hitherto been reckoned a part of that 
structure, but for which Von Adelung proposes the name of “ inter- 
mediate organ ” (zwischenorgan) (Fig. 6, i.o.). These nerve-endings, 
which are connected by nerve-fibres with ganglion-cells, and then with 
the tympanal nerve, are also in connection with tissue-fibres, by 
which they are stretched between portions of the integument of the 
leg. Hence, Von Adelung considers them related to the rods of the 
chordotonal organs described by Gruber (4) as well as to the nerve- 
endings of the supra-tympanal organ which forms the remaining 
portion of the ear of the long-horned grasshoppers. 
This supra-tympanal organ consists of two groups of elongated 
rods stretched across within the tibia above the region of the drums. 
These rods are connected with ganglion cells. From the ganglion- 
cells of the lower group fibres pass to the tympanal nerve, while those 
of the upper group are connected with a special supra-tympanal 
nerve, which, like the tympanal, takes its origin from the main tibial 
nerve (Fig. (6; 's:t-o:). 
An interesting paper on the structure of insect-wings has recently 
appeared. Hoffbauer (5) nas investigated these organs by means of 


EXPLANATION OF FIGURES. 
Fig. 1.—Longitudinal section through head of Melophagus (proboscis retracted). 
2.—Mouth-parts of Braula (front view). 
3.— Do. (horizontal section.) [All after Miggenburg. ] 
cl.—clypens. mx.44—_maxillz (second pair) (or labium). 
Ibr.—labrum. o.—cesophagus. 
mx.1—maxille (first pair). s.—duct of salivary gland. 
mx.1,—Do., when proboscis is exserted. sp. g.—super-cesophageal ganglion. 
mx. p.—Do., palp. sb. g.—sub-cesophageal ganglion. 
Fig. 4.—Sketch of tibia of a Phasgonurid, to show position of ear apertures. 
5.—Transverse section of tibia. 
6.—Longitudinal section, showing parts of ear. [All after von Adelung.] 
fe —femur. s.t.n.—supra-tympanal nerve. 
tib.—tibia. tr.—trachee. 
a.—external apertures. i. o.—intermediate organ. 
b.—outer auditory chambers. s.t.0.7—supra-tympanal organ 
ty.—tympana. (upper division). 
c. a.—crista acustica. s.t.0..—supra-tympanal organ 
tb. n.—tibial nerve. (lower division). 
ty. n.—tymfanal nerve. 
Fig. 7.—Transverse section through sutural edge of elytron of a Chrysomelid beetle 
(Lima pul). [After Hoftbauer. | 
o.—upper surface. tr.—trachea. 
u.—-under do. gl.—glands. 
s.—sutural edge. 
