152 NAT CURAE SCIENCE, FEB., 
orders in two ‘“‘circular” groups, a mandibulate and a haustellate 
group of five each, in accordance with the theory of Macleay that 
all animal orders should fall into such an arrangement. Westwood 
was, however, careful to state that he did not regard the Macleayan 
scheme as final, but considered it as a step towards a truly natural 
arrangement ; he did not adopt it in dividing the orders into tribes or 
families. The Modern Classification was illustrated by careful figures 
of the distinctive parts of representative insects of each family or 
important genus, and is specially valuable in containing figures of 
larvee, for which the student looks in vain in most recent systematic 
works on single orders, except those on the Lepidoptera and 
Hymenoptera. 
In 1841 appeared the British Butterflies, to which work Westwood 
contributed the descriptions and Humphreys the plates. A similar 
association of the two authors produced British Moths, in two volumes, 
in 1843-5. In the latter year appeared also Westwood’s Arcana 
Entomologica, in two volumes, containing descriptions and exquisite 
illustrations, by himself, of new and rare insects; the Cabinet of 
Onental Entomology, also remarkable for the beauty of its plates, 
appeared in 1848. Westwood’s next great work was the Geneva of 
Diurnal Lepidoptera, in which he was associated with Doubleday and 
Hewitson; the latter was responsible for the illustrations to both 
volumes, Doubleday wrote the first, and Westwood the second, which 
was published in 1850-2, and comprised part of the Nymphalide, 
the Brassolide, Satyride, Libytheide, Erycinide, Lycenide, and 
Hesperidea. This monograph was a sterling contribution to the 
classification of butterflies, and reduced to order the chaotic assem- 
blies of species of earlier writers. About this time, Westwood drew 
the illustrations for Walker’s unhappy work on the British Diptera. 
The Royal Society bestowed on him a Royal Medal in 1855. In 
1859 appeared his Catalogue of Phasmide in the British Museum, an 
excellent monograph of that most interesting group of Orthoptera. 
Westwood’s connection with Oxford now began. In 1858, Rev. 
F. W. Hope presented to the University a valuable collection of 
insects, including some purchased from Westwood, who was 
appointed curator of the Hope Museum, which had thus been 
formed. The University was at that time without a Professor of 
Zoology; the munificence of Hope endowed a chair, to which he 
was to make the first nomination, and, in 1861, he appointed 
Westwood. 
The new Professor, who had had no University career, received 
an honorary M.A. from Oxford, and was introduced to Magdalen 
College, of which, in 1880, he became an Honorary Fellow. For more 
than thirty years, therefore, he has been a familiar figure at his 
adopted University, of which, at the time of his death, he was pro- 
bably the oldest resident. Shortly after his appointment he was 
associated with Mr. Spence Bate in a monograph of the British Sessile- 
