154 NATURAL SCIENCE. FEB., 
graduating in 1846 at the Western Reserve College, and later at the 
Cleveland Medical College in 1848. In 1849-50 he travelled in 
Europe, and in 1851 entered upon private practice as a physician 
at Cleveland, Ohio. 
Newberry, however, was imbued from childhood with a taste for 
Natural Science, and the routine of a medical practitioner soon 
proved irksome. In 1855 he determined to devote himself to purely 
scientific investigation, and during that year he undertook the duties 
of surgeon, geologist, and naturalist to the Government expedition 
under Lieut. Williamson, organised to explore the country between 
San Francisco and the Columbia River. This resulted in his first 
published work on The Geology, Botany, and Zoology of North California 
and Oregon. In 1857-58 Newberry was one of the original explorers 
of the now well-known canons of the Colorado River, and, still later, 
he prosecuted geological researches in New Mexico, Arizona, and 
Utah. 
Newberry’s distinguished services were soon rewarded, and in 
1866 he became Professor of Geology in the School of Mines, 
Columbia College, New York. Two years later he also received the 
appointment of State Geologist of Ohio, and thenceforward his more 
systematic work began. The reports of the Geological Survey of 
Ohio, published under his direction, contain not merely stratigraphy 
and economics of local interest, but also detailed monographs on 
paleontology of fundamental importance. The descriptions of the 
Devonian and Carboniferous fishes and plants were contributed by 
Newberry himself; and these, with subsequent writings on the same 
subject, led to an entirely new view of the gigantic ‘ placoderm” 
fishes of the Paleozoic period. A large and unique collection accumu- 
lated, and this the Professor placed in his museum at the Columbia 
College. 
While actively engaged in lecturing and teaching until 
two years ago, Professor Newberry continued his favourite studies 
of the Paleozoic and early Mesozoic fishes and plants with 
so much success that in 1888 and 1890 he was able to issue two 
great monographs under the auspices of the United States Geological 
Survey. The first volume relates to the Triassic fishes and plants of 
New Jersey and Connecticut, and the second deals with various 
Devonian and Carboniferous fishes, each containing a synopsis of 
earlier researches, combined with new figures and many observations 
not previously published. Though somewhat antiquated in their 
style of treatment of the matter, and not remarkably systematic, 
these two works will ever remain standards for reference, and the 
mine of clearly-enunciated facts they contain will form an enduring 
monument of the author’s industry and acumen. Even until the last, 
Dr. Newberry was contemplating a supplementary volume on the 
Paleozoic fishes, and he also had nearly ready for issue a monograph 
on the Cretaceous flora of New Jersey. 
