38 president's address. 



separate sheets of paper, the actual specimens of the various parts 

 of the plants themselves — as, for example, the roots, stems, leaves, 

 &c. ; and, in another collection, I have placed mounted specimens 

 of the Summer and Autumn leaves of the principal varieties of 

 British trees. It is obvious that, for drawing, no better models 

 can exist ; and this department of art, so useful to the student 

 in Natural History, is now, with great advantage, introduced in 

 many schools as a useful part of ordinary education. 



The Geological Model placed on the table, and to which, I 

 have already alluded, has been prepared, not only to illustrate 

 some curious data relating to the position of coal mines in the 

 district between this town and Carlisle, but also as an example 

 of a cheap and expressive form for conveying such information 

 generally. It is constructed to a scale ; and its several parts are 

 made so as to show, first, the original level, or nearly level 

 deposition of the strata ; next, the gradual upheaval, by which 

 the rocks of this part of England are inclined so as to rise from 

 the eastern coast to a considerable elevation, in the middle part 

 of the island; thirdly, the dislocation of these strata by the 

 Tynedale fault ; and finally, the denudation of the surface, and 

 consequent distribution of beds of workable coal. Models of 

 this description are better adapted for conveying information 

 than any plans, sections, or descriptions, or even than by an in- 

 spection of a large district, inasmuch as the varied surface and 

 subterranean phenomena, when represented by a model, may be 

 combined in a small space, and seen at a single glance. 



In adverting to recent researches connected with Natural His- 

 tory, I cannot but make some reference to the serious loss which 

 the world of science has sustained, in the death of Professor 

 Edward Forbes and Sir Henry De la Beche. The former had 

 already attained an honourable position, and appeared destined 

 to o-ain the very highest ranks of scientific distinction. His 

 premature death, which has been deeply regretted by every 

 Naturalist, has been still more acutely felt by all who, in addition 

 to their admiration of his talents, were charmed by the vivacity, 

 and delighted with the rare union of the estimable qualities 

 which endeared him to those who had the privilege of his friend- 



