120 THE ROTIFERA. 
On the dorsal surface it is easy to bring into view the four bases of the muscles which 
work the foot ; and which show as four spots nearly in a line crossing the lorica where 
it first begins to lessen in width. 
Length. Lorica, ,3, inch ; width,,1, inch. Habitat. Sea-water. Essex and Norfolk 
coasts; Firth of Tay (P.H.G.; C.T.H.) : common, 
B. Baxert, Ehrenberg. 
(Pl. XXVII. fig. 8.) 
Brachionus Bakeri. a c Ehrenberg, Die Infus. 1838, p. 514, pl. Ixiv. fig. 1. 
PA a a 6 5 Gosse, Phil. Trans. 1857, pl. xv. figs. 11, 12. 
(SP. CH. Occipital spines six, the intermediate pair almost obliterate ; the pectoral 
line nearly level, wndulate ; behind two large lateral spines, and two smaller bounding 
the orifice for the foot. Lacustrine. 
This species has been dedicated to an early English microscopist; and it is both 
named and figured in Adams’s great work on the Microscope, published just a century 
ago. It is a common species, and from its elegant form and ample breadth very attrac- 
tive. Individuals differ much in the length, stoutness, and direction of the spines; the 
hind lateral pair being sometimes bent inward. The ventral surface is marked with 
minute granules, which are arranged in a pattern of some regularity. The gastrie glands 
are again large, retort-shaped, with long necks, and are in contact, if not in union, with 
the lateral canals, which open into a small contractile vesicle at its cloacal end.— 
P.H.G.| 
Length. Of lorica, 5 inch: width, ;};. Habitat. Fresh waters around London, and 
widely spread (P.H.G.) : rather common. 
B. ANGULARIS, Gosse. 
(Pl. XXVII. fig. 4; and Pl. XXX. fig. 9.) 
Brachionus angularis . F Q Gosse, Ann. Nat. Hist. 2 Ser. vol, viii. 1851, p. 203. 
” "y . : . » Lhil. Trans, 1857, pl. xv. figs. 13, 14. 
[SP. CH. Occipital spines reduced to slight undulations, with a slight (usually) 
rounded sinus in the middle ; pectoral edge nearly straight; hind extremity with two 
short, blunt processes ; outline more or less angular. 
The figure, jutting out into blunt angles, though characteristic, is not absolutely 
invariable ; for I have seen a specimen whose dorsal outline was as regular as that of 
urceolaris. I first found it in the pond at Walthamstow in 1849; then in the orna- 
mental water at Kensington Palace; and on many occasions since; often associated 
with B. pala. The parent carries both male and female eggs to the hatching. The 
male I have described and figured elsewhere. I haye seen the sexual coitus. The 
internal structure presents nothing notable. Itis of lively, restless manners.—P.H.G.] 
The highly-arched dorsal surface of the lorica is not only facetted (as I have shown 
in Pl. XXX. fig. 9) but is carved out into curious hollows that are well seen in 
Pl. XXVII. figs. 4, 4a, which drawings I made from an empty lorica of unusual beauty. 
The ventral plate is quite overlapped by the dorsal, which hangs down all round it; so 
that the ventral surface, taken as a whole, is concave, although its middle portion is 
convex. Nothing is easier than to clip the creature gently by its sides, so as to be able 
to look into the ventral hollow ; and then, with dark-field illumination, and the binocular, 
the true shape of this curious lorica can be seen at a glance. A side view shows also 
the very stout, wide-based dorsal antenna ; which, as usual, plays in the hollow between 
the occipital spines. The lateral antenne are well worth notice. The tip of each 
rocket-shaped head lies at an aperture in the lorica (Pl. XXX. fig. 9) which has, raised 
round it, asmall chitinous ring ; through which the brush of sete can be seen to protrude 
