I 62 NATURE AND AFFINITIES OF THE SPONGES. 



podia were seen issuing in a corresponding manner from the single terminal 

 aperture of the spiculifcrous test. This confirmation, to which the author's 

 attention was directed, after the publication of his communication to the 

 'Annals,' appeared in the 'Versammlung d. deutschen Naturforscher in 

 Hamburg,' p. 115, for the year 1876. Evidence corroborating still more 

 strongly the results above recorded, was published, however, in the ' Quar- 

 terly Journal of Microscopical Science ' for October 1879, in which Professor 

 E. Ray Lankester, after a most exhaustive examination of duplicate speci- 

 mens of HalipJiysema Th7Jia;wzvic:;ii remitted him by the author from Jersey, 

 in both the living and preserved condition, entirely supports the forami- 

 niferal interpretation, and indicates the necessity of Professor Haeckel pro- 

 ducing some satisfactory explanation of the very antagonistic statements 

 now on record, for which he is responsible, with reference to HalipJiysema 

 and its allies. 



Possibly, as suggested by the present author, isomorphic forms may 

 exist having the external contour of a HalipJiysema and the histologic 

 internal structure of a simple sponge ; but the evidence in this direc- 

 tion is up to the present time altogether opposed to such a supposition. 

 Analyzing, in fact, the by no means extensive list of Professor Haeckel's 

 Physemarian genera, HalipJiysema and GastropJiysema, scarcely a single type 

 is left him wherewith to demonstrate the existence of such isomorphism. 

 Thus out of his five species of HalipJiysema, H. ecJiinoides is undoubtedly, 

 as already pointed out by Mr. Norman, the young condition of the 

 Tethyadan sponge first described in its young and stalked condition by 

 Professor G. Percival Wright, under the name of Wyville-TJioinsonia 

 WallicJiii* next described by the present author in the adult state as 

 Dorvillia agariciformis,'\ and finally by Sir Wyville Thomson, as one 

 of the trophies of the * Lightning ' and * Porcupine ' expedition, under 

 the name of TisipJwnia agariciformis. HalipJiyseina Tiunanoiviczii and 

 H. ramttlosa are identified as undoubted Foraminifera. H. globigerina has 

 been examined by Haeckel as dead, spirit-preserved examples only, 

 and consequently under conditions in which the characters attributed by 

 him to the typical forms would not be recognizable. 



Of the genus GastropJiysema, G. scopula is demonstrated to be a Fora- 

 minifer identical with HalipJiysema Titmanowicsii, and it so happens that 

 //. primordiale and G. ditJialaminm are now alone left to vindicate the 

 claims of the Physemaria for further scientific recognition. Even here 

 the resemblance in every particular — setting aside the hypothetic and the 

 utterly untenable " uterine " and " glandular " differentiations — coincides so 

 closely with all the broad external features of some one or other of the 

 numerous polymorphic forms of the one-, two-, three-, four-, or many- 

 chambered spiculifcrous tests of HalipJiysema Tiimanoiviesii, that, unless 

 Professor Haeckel can produce substantial testimony of their independent, 



* 'Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science,' vol. x., January 1870. 

 t 'Monthly Microscopical Journal,* December 1870. 



