350 ORDER CHOANO-FLAGELLATA. 



portance to warrant the creation, on behalf of this particular type, of a new and 

 independent generic title. The gradual formation of the very elegant lorica by 

 the enclosed animalcule, as also the development of the latter from a detached 

 and simple uniflagellate monadiform gemmule, has been observed and will be 

 found represented in the several figures illustrative of this species, The primary 

 condition of this lorica, PI. III. Fig. ig, is a mere film-like mucilaginous exudation 

 from the general surface of the animalcule's body, altogether devoid of that 

 symmetry of form which subsequently characterizes it. From this immature and 

 plastic condition it is gradually moulded by the action of the flagellum and collar 

 into the intermediate condition represented at Fig. 21, and thence by degrees into 

 the permanent adult shape. Immediately this last stage is attained the lorica at 

 once hardens, and acquires such a density as to considerably outlast the life of the 

 animalcule by which it is built up. Loricae left empty through the death of their 

 original inhabitants, as shown at PI. III. Fig. 18, are of frequent occurrence. The 

 longitudinal sulci which characterize certain of the adult and vacated loricae are 

 altogether absent in others, a circumstance which may perhaps be hereafter deemed 

 sufficient for separating the two as distinct species ; both were, however, so closely 

 associated with one another that they are for the present regarded as mere varieties. 

 At Fig. 1 9^ of the plate just quoted will be found represented one of the mona- 

 diform free-swimming germs of Salpbigoeca ainpiiUa which has just attached itself 

 to the half-perfected lorica of a zooid of the same species. Within two minutes 

 after such attachment it was observed to develop a rudimentary collar and commence 

 the formation of its protective sheath, as shown at Fig. 20. This type was originally 

 discovered by the author growing on algae and zoophytes taken from the tanks of 

 the Manchester Aquarium in May 1874, and has been since found (Feb. 1877) 

 in considerable abundance, under similar conditions, in sea-water brought from 

 Brighton. 



Salpingoeca cornuta, S. K. Pl. VI. Figs. zZ-Z^- 



Lorica vaginate or sheath-shaped, elongate, from seven to ten or twelve 

 times as long as broad, arcuate or flexuose, tapering posteriorly and 

 gradually widening as it approaches the anterior border, the anterior 

 margin widest but not conspicuously everted ; animalcule plastic and 

 variable in form, elongate, subcylindrical or flask-shaped, occupying about 

 one-fifth of the length of the lorica, often attached to it posteriorly by one 

 or more filamentous or pseudopodic extensions of the body-sarcode. Length 

 of lorica 1-400" to 1-300", of the contained animalcule 1-1250". 



Hab. — Salt water. 



The great proportionate length of the lorica in this type, combined with the 

 capacity possessed by the enclosed zooid of emitting posteriorly one or more 

 pseudopodic processes, by which at will it attaches itself to the lateral walls of 

 the lorica, distinguish it in a marked manner from all of the previously described 

 representatives of the present genus. PI. VI. Figs. 33 and 36 serve to illustrate 

 the more important modifications of this abnormal method of attachment. In 

 the latter of these. Fig. 36, the single attenuate pseudopodal prolongation is so 

 thread-like and elastic as to present the aspect and possess all the attributes of 

 a veritable retractile pedicle, permitting the animalcule to extend itself to the 

 orifice or to withdraw suddenly within the cavity of its transi)arent domicile, 

 after the manner of Bicosoeca or Diuobryon. In the former example. Fig. zZi ^^- 

 amined on the same occasion, the animalcule was found to retain or alter its 

 position in its lorica through the medium of no less than three of these sarcode 

 extensions, each of which, however, had a more irregular pseudopodium-like 

 appearance than in the last variety. In numerous instances, again, zooids 

 were seen in which no trace whatever of adherent processes could be detected. 



