6 PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS. 
they are now found, from a higher one in which they had been at 
first deposited. On the contrary, all the investigations which 
have taken place shew, most distinctly, that the human and 
animal remains have been laid side by side at the same time and 
by the same agency. The great question which has yet to be 
settled is this—at what period was the drift in which the flints 
are found deposited? And side by side with this is another im- 
portant query—down to what time did these now extinct animals 
occupy any part of our continent? Unquestionably the time of 
this deposit was a very remote one, to speak in an historical 
and not a geological sense. Near Abbeville the flints and bones 
are found some fifteen or twenty feet below the surface, whilst 
Gallic and Roman remains, deposited some 2000 years ago, are 
found a few feet from the present level of the soil, above the 
undisturbed stratum, which contains these still more ancient 
relics; that stratum bearing unmistakeable evidence, from its 
position with regard to the present level of the river basin in which 
it exists, and from other geological facts, such as the appear- 
ances of ice-action, of a vast lapse of time having occurred since 
its deposit. In our own country, under very similar circum- 
stances, the like remains have been found. In Gray’s Inn Lane, 
London, at Reculver in Kent, in Bedfordshire, and more especi- 
ally at Hoxne in Suffolk, many flint implements, identical with 
the French specimens, and like them associated with bones of 
Elephas primigenius, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, §c., have been found 
in beds, posterior to the deposit of the glacial period, named the 
boulder clay. In caverns also, the same implements and also 
human bones have been found, both on the continent and in 
England, associated with the bones of animals, long since extinct, 
such as the cave bear ( Ursus speleus), the cave lion (Felis spelea), 
the mammoth, (Elephas primigenius.) We have lately had a 
discovery, at Heathery Burn Cave, near Stanhope, of human and 
animal remains associated together, and alike enclosed beneath 
a layer of stalagmitic matter, but in this case the bones are of 
animals which inhabited our district to within a few centuries 
ago, such as the wolf, the wild boar, and roe-deer, and the 
implements of human manufacture are of a date scarcely earlier 
than our era, and probably of one a century or two later. I have 
