06 REV. A. M. NORMAN, M.A., 
acter from those at the extremity. The last portion of the 
abdomen (PI. I. fig. 7) is in the form of a somewhat flattened 
semicircular plate, margined with large spines. The claws are 
large, produced, simple, and cylindrical. Just below their base 
is a cluster of small spines, which are succeeded by some still 
smaller spines; behind these the spines increase in size, becom- 
ing both numerous and large. The abdominal sete are long and 
slightly plumose. ‘The ventral edge of the carapace is fringed 
with plumose set (fig. 8); but at the posteroventral angle 
these setee become much longer, assume quite a spine-like char- 
acter, and bear, as it were, smaller spines attached to one side 
(fig 9). The entire animal is of a brilliant crimson colour. 
This Daphnian is remarkable alike in history and in habits. 
On examining with a hand-lens the vegetable matter in a 
bottle of water brought home from a clear pond which had 
been cut out of the limestone rock, to contain water for the 
supply of the engine at a now unworked colliery at Bishop 
Middleham, in the county of Durham, a small blood-red Ento- 
mostracan, which was lying upon its back in the water, attracted 
attention; and on further search, two more individuals were 
found in the same bottle. They at once became a source of 
great interest; for A. sordida is the most helpless animal possible. 
It is totally unable either to swim or to walk. ‘The sete of the 
antenne are apparently of insufficient length to confer the power 
of swimming; and the feet in this family, though valuable 
agents in respiration, are quite unfitted in their structure for 
purposes of locomotion, and, indeed, being contained within the 
carapace, could not by any possibility be used for the support of 
the body. The animal therefore lies upon its back, kicking and 
struggling, swinging to and fro its brawny arms (the posterior 
antenne), and thrusting in and out of the carapace-valves its 
largely developed and strongly spined abdomen in the vain 
attempt to push itself from place to place; but the efforts, 
though most vigorous, are of little avail, and its progress is 
extremely slow. It is probably in consequence of these sluggish 
habits, and of the animal rolling itself in the mud, as well as 
owing to the pilose covering of the shell, that it owes the coating 
