410 SUPPLEMENT 
the water brings to them by penetrating to the mantle. 
Their reproduction, in all probability, is similar to that of 
other bivalves. Their eggs, however, must be agglutinated 
pretty near the parents, if not placed by the parents them- 
selves; for the place occupied by the pholas candida, in 
the horizontal banks of clay, appears to augment in every 
direction. 
Mankind use many species of this genus as food, and par- 
ticularly on the coasts of the Mediterranean, where the largest 
are found. It is even probable that the ancient Romans were 
fonder of them than the moderns, which explains why the 
columns of the temple of Jupiter Serapis, at Puzzuoli, are 
pierced by phalades at a level, much superior to the actual 
level of the sea; and in fact, it appears that it served as a 
piscina, or reservoir for sea-fish, as was first remarked by M. 
Desmarest, the elder. This goes fairly to overturn all the 
hypotheses of geologists on this subject, for it seems very 
probable that the pholades were placed there artificially. 
Though the pholades are not considerably numerous in 
species, it appears, nevertheless, that some exist in all seas. 
It does not seem, though, that the Australasian expeditions 
have brought any from that part of the world. 
The manners and habits of the TEREDINES (vulgo ship- 
worm) have been studied with considerable care, particu- 
larly by the inhabitants of the sea-coasts, who have been 
forced to construct dykes, to resist the invasions of these 
animals. It is generally known that they live constantly 
buried, pretty nearly vertically, with the head down, and the 
anus upwards, in such pieces of wood as are constantly im- 
merged most frequently in salt-water, but sometimes also in 
brackish, and even in fresh-water, according to the observa- 
tions of Adanson. The highest point at which they commence 
to bury themselves, is always some feet below the lowest 
waters, so as to be constantly immerged. By means of one 
