528 SUPPLEMENT 
the actinie, supporting this distinction by recognizable 
figures. 
These different improvements were inserted in his great 
Dictionary, by Conrad Gesner, published for the first time in 
1604. In fact, he gave a synoptic table of the species cf 
sea-nettles, divided as Rondelet had divided them. The 
urchins and sea-stars are united among the testacea; but 
the eschare and pinnatule constitute the marine zoophytes. 
Some other species were’ also indicated, and figured by this 
author. He likewise perfectly perceived the order of the gra- 
dation of organization in this last division from the sponges 
which approximate the closest to the plants, up to the conchs 
which are preceded by the univalve shells. 
Aldrovandus exhibits, perhaps, better than Gesner, the 
state of zoophytology, because his compilation is methodical. 
In that work, we find these beings forming the last division of 
the whole animal kingdom, and composed of the actinia, under 
the name of fixed sea-nettles ; of the medusz, under that of 
free sea-nettles ; of the alcyones, under that of marine lungs, 
and malum granatum; of the holothurie ; of the ascidliz 
(named tethyes) ; of the pinnatule (pinne marine) ; of the 
lobulariz, under the name of manus marine, and probably of 
the encrusting species. ; 
The echini are definitively placed among the testacea; 
but by avery remarkable singularity, the asteriz are placed 
at the end of the division of the insects. There is no division 
for the purgamenta maris. 
Here terminates the first part of the history of this science, 
in which we find the denomination of zoophyte generally 
adopted, with the notion that the beings ranged in this divi- 
sion, were intermediate between animals and vegetables ; 
but still it contained as yet but the smallest number of the 
beings which modern zoologists have subsequently referred. 
to it. . 
