348 U-S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



their approval. Because of the great height of the dam with its 

 consequent danger to downstream migrants, it was felt that provi- 

 sion should be made to capture upstream migrants, spawn them 

 artificially and liberate the offspring below the dam. 



Bonneville Dam -fishway investigation. — As a part of its public 

 works program, the Federal Government is constructing on the 

 Columbia River at Bonneville, Oreg., a dam to generate electric 

 power and facilitate navigation. This dam will intercept annual 

 runs of salmon, trout, and other fish valued at several million dol- 

 lars a year. The passage of these fish over the Bonneville Dam will 

 involve the greatest problem of fishway construction that ever has 

 been attempted. It is unfortunate that past experience with fish- 

 ways for a great part has not been satisfactory and we cannot point 

 with assurance to devices that can be relied upon to pass this large 

 mass of migratory fish over the dam. 



A portion of the funds allotted to the construction of the dam 

 has been assigned to the Bureau of Fisheries for the purpose of de- 

 vising means of passing the runs of fish. Harlan B. Holmes, who 

 has been placed in charge of the work, is being temporarily assisted 

 by experts in various of the engineering and biological phases of 

 the work. The investigation is being conducted in close cooperation 

 with the commercial fishery interests and Fish and Game Depart- 

 ments of the States of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. 



As the work has been in progress for only about a month, no 

 results are available as yet. The investigation will involve a study 

 of the statistics of the fishery for the purpose of determining the 

 time and magnitude of the runs. All types of fishways that have 

 been used or proposed are being carefully studied. "Experiments 

 are being conducted to determine if the fingerling salmon and trout 

 will be injured in passing through the power wheels. In case it 

 is deemed necessary to prevent the fingerlings from passing through 

 the wheels, means of diverting their migration will be studied and 

 suitable bypasses provided. A careful study will be made of con- 

 ditions during the period of construction so as to assure free pas- 

 sage of the fish at that time. 



GEEAT LAKES FISHERY INVESTIGATIONS 



Owing to the severe curtailment of the budget no field work of any 

 kind was conducted on the Great Lakes during the calendar year 

 1933, with the exception of one small project carried on by a member 

 of the Great Lakes staff during the period April 3-14 at Sandusky, 

 Ohio. Efforts were therefore devoted entirely to working up in the 

 laboratory the tremendous amount of data that had been accumu- 

 lated during the field investigations in past years and to prepare 

 them for publication. Fishery investigations on the Great Lakes, 

 under the direction of Dr. John Van Oosten, are conducted from 

 headquarters and laboratories furnished by the University of Michi- 

 gan at Ann Arbor. 



During the year Dr. Stillman Wright completed a voluminous 

 report on "A limnological survey of western Lake Erie with special 

 reference to poHution." This report covers a series of investigations 

 begun by the State of Ohio in 1926 and completed in cooperation 

 with the Bureau in 1930. The report includes sections on physical 



