42 FISHES OF THE CONNECTICUT LAKES. 



lu the males in late summer the jaws become elougate and distorted, and 

 tile anterior teetb much enlarged, the body becomes deeper, more compressed 

 and arched at the shoulder and the color often nearly black. Usual color dusky 

 above, often tinged with olivaceous or bluish ; sides and below silvery ; head 

 dark slaty, usually darker than the body and little spotted; back, dorsal flu, 

 and tail usually profusely covered with round black spots (these are some- 

 times few and rarely altogether wanting) ; sides of head and caudal fin with 

 a peculiar metallic tin-colored luster; male about spawning season (October) 

 blackish, more or less tinged or blotched with dull red. Length 2 to 5 feet; 

 usual weight in Columbia River 22 pounds, in the Sacramento 16 to 18 pounds ; 

 in smaller rivers less, but individuals of 70 to 100 pounds have been caught. 

 Easily distinguished from all other Salmonidse in this region by the lai'ger 

 number of anal rays. 



This salmon has various names in the east, such as " California 

 salmon," " Sacramento salmon," and " quinnat salmon," probably the 

 last name the one most generally used. In the west its names are 

 even more numerous : " Quinnat salmon," " tschaviche," " king 

 salmon," " Columbia salmon," " Sacramento salmon," " chinook 

 salmon," " tyee salmon," " tschawytscha." Perhaps " chinook " 

 would be the best, as it is in quite general use. In its native waters 

 this salmon ascends the streams for many miles, in some instances 

 fully 2,000 miles from the sea to spawn. It spawns in October and 

 November and then dies, thus spawning but once in its lifetime. 



There have been many attempts to acclimatize this salmon in east- 

 ern waters, but without success. There are but 3 authentic reports 

 of adult chinooks taken in the east. One was in Lake Ontario a 

 number of years ago ; the others in Sunapee Lake, New Hampshire, 

 and Pierce Pond, Maine, in 190G. A\^ien ascending fresh water to 

 spawn it does not feed and will not take a hook. In salt water it is 

 caught by trolling with artificial lures and bait, such as herring or 

 squid. 



In 1904 several thousand fry were planted in First Connecticut 

 Lake waters. On July T we took in a minnow trap in Mud Pond 

 Brook, near the lake, 1 specimen about 2 inches long. These fry are 

 distinguishable by the large number of anal rays, though in general 

 appearance they greatly resemble a landlocked salmon. They are, 

 however, somewhat deeper and relatively shorter. There are 9 or 10 

 vertical spot-like parr marks on the side and smaller close-set spots 

 on the side of the back. 



15. Landlocked Salmon. Salmo sebago Girard. 

 I'late IX. 



Head 4.36 in length without caudal; depth .3.58; eye 7.74 in head; snout 3.45; 

 maxillary bone 2.09; dorsal 12; anal 9; scales 20-116-21, 



Head comparatively short, bluntly conic ; mouth moderate, sharp teeth on 

 jaws, vomer and palatines ; \omerine teeth in a single row on shaft ; distance 

 from tip of snout to posterior extremity of maxillary 2.21 in head ; lower jaw 

 slightly hooked, mandible 1.72 in head; brauchiostegals 11 on right side and 12 

 on left ; gillrakers 8 -|- 13 on right side, 7 + 13 on left, longest 2 in eye. Body 



