PROGRESS IN BIOLOGICAL INQUIRIES, 19 3 2 139 



plan to become apparent. Much valuable information is anticipated 

 which should assist in planting' lakes of these types. 



During September 1932 an opportunity was afforded to complete 

 the survey of Jackson Lake, a United States reclamation project. 

 Although not included within its present boundaries, this reservoir is 

 logically associated through drainage relations with the waters of 

 Teton Park. Studies of the chemistry and food supply this season 

 supplement the data gathered during the summer of 1931. 



Glacier National Park. — A biological survey of this, the third larg- 

 est national park, was begun during the season of 1932. Glacier 

 Park includes 1,534 square miles of picturesque mountain scenery in 

 northwestern Montana. In this area are several hundred lakes and 

 numerous streams varying greatly in altitude, size, depth, tempera- 

 ture, chemistry, and food supply. Under such conditions it might 

 be expected that many problems should arise from attempts to prop- 

 erly stock these waters, the great majority of which were originally 

 barren of all fish life. Some have remained so in spite of attempts 

 to introduce various species. Efforts to improve certain streams by 

 planting have been unsuccessful. In one lake fishing is unsurpassed; 

 in another plantings have met with poor success. Stocking records 

 show that encouragement of a certain species in one lake has not 

 increased its numbers perceptibly while another species has become 

 abundant chiefly through natural spawning. The most suitable spe- 

 cies for the numerous high, cold lakes is an important problem which 

 received much attention. 



A party of three biologists began survey work in Glacier Park June 

 5 and continued in the field until September 13. The United States 

 Fisheries station at Glacier Park w^as made the base of operations. 

 Thirty-two streams, 35 lakes and their principal tributaries, constitut- 

 ing about one third of the accessible waters of the park, w^ere exam- 

 ined during this period. Few of these waters can be reached by road 

 so that much of the work had to be accomplished using pack and 

 saddle horses. All equipment was selected with this in view and 

 proved to be very satisfactory. 



The National Park Service, represented by Supt. E. T. Scoyen and 

 his assistants, aided the work materially by supplying information 

 and by loaning equipment. 



The facts available from the study were used in assigning fish for 

 the waters of the park this season. Although limited time and lack of 

 equipment prevented the analysis of samples and all data in the field, 

 it was found possible to offer some definite suggestions for planting 

 in 1932. 



In the study of streams information concerning the following was 

 collected : Average width and depth, volume, velocity, gradient, color 

 and turbidity, fluctuation in level, temperature, bottom composition, 

 condition of pools, location and height of barriers to fish movement, 

 character of watershed, presence of springs, character of tributary 

 streams, hydrogen-ion concentration, alkahnity, type and abundance 

 of aquatic vegetation, relative abundance of primary fish foods, rela- 

 tive abundance and size of game and forage fish, conditions for natural 

 spawning and evidence of its success, presence of fish enemies and 

 parasites and the quality and intensity of the fishing. 



Survey of lakes included observation and record of the following: 

 Altitude, approximate area, length of shore line, character of water- 

 shed, fluctuation in water level, type of shore and bottom, location 



