452 U.S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



principles to all phases of fisheries conservation. However, many 

 States still accomplish comparatively little in restocking their waters 

 and some of the most important species of fish are essentially migra- 

 tory. by nature, being no respecters of State lines. These facts, to- 

 gether with the requirements for restocking a tremendous area of 

 Federally owned and controlled lands, have brought about a continua- 

 tion and expansion of fish hatchery work as a function of the central 

 Government. Occasionally it has been suggested that this work be 

 supported by charges levied against those who benefit by the planting 

 of fish rather than by general taxation. The fallacy of this belief lies 

 in the fact that the benefits accruing — the catching of food and game 

 fish — cannot be reserved for those who might directly defray the cost 

 of planting fish in public or open waters. The individual cannot be 

 fairly assessed for the stocking of fish which later on are to fall victim 

 to those who take no interest in maintaining the supply. A system of 

 direct charges for governmental fish-cultural work would eventually 

 result in depletion to the point of extinction of the most valuable food 

 and game varieties. 



SPECIES HANDLED 



Discontinuance of the propagation of suckers, striped bass, and 

 golden trout reduced the number of species handled to 46. Of these 

 approximately 40 were propagated directly at the hatcheries, the 

 remainder being handled in connection with rescue or salvage acti- 

 vities. While only five species of marine fish were handled, they are 

 propagated in tremendous numbers. The fresh water forms included 

 in the output comprise practically all types which are of importance 

 from either a game or commercial standpoint. Fish from the Bureau's 

 hatcheries were planted in every State in the Union and in the Terri- 

 tory of Alaska. Following is a list of the species handled during the 

 fiscal year 1933. 



Catfishes (Silurid.®) : 



Catfish {Leptops olivaris). 



Spotted catfish {Ictalurus punctatus). 



Horned pout {Ameiurus nebulosus). 

 Carp (Cyprinid^): Common carp (Cyprinus carpio). 

 Shad and Herring (Clupeid^): 



Shad {Alosa sapidissima) . 



Glut herring {Pomolobus aestivalis). 

 Salmons, Trouts, and Whitefishes (Salmonid^) : 



Common whitefish {Coregonus clupeaformis). 



Cisco {Leucichthys artedi). 



Chinook, king, or quinnat salmon {Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) . 



Chum salmon {Oncorhynchxis keta). 



Pink or humpback salmon {Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) . 



Coho salmon, silver salmon {Oncorhynchus kisutch). 



Red salmon, sockeye, or blueback salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). 



Steelhead salmon (Salmo gairdneri). 



Atlantic salmon {Salmo salar). 



Landlocked salmon {Salmo sebago). 



Rainbow trout {Salmo shasta). 



Black-spotted trout, redthroat trout {Salmo leivisi) . 



Loch Leven trout {Salmo levenensis). 



Lake trout, Mackinaw trout {Cristivomer namaycush). 



Brook trout {Salvelinus fontinalis) . 



Dolly Varden trout {Salvelinus malma). 

 Graylings (THYMALLiDiE) : Montana grayling {Thymallus montanus). 

 Pikes (EsociDiE): Common pickerel {Esox reticulatus) . 



