FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 75 
Pound nets used in Washington waters are similar in principle to 
those used on the Atlantic coast, consisting of a leader, one and very 
often two hearts, a large followed by a small one, and a tunnel lead- 
ing into the pot. In addition, however, what is known as a “‘spiller”’ 
is attached to the side of the pot. A tunnel leads from the pot into 
the spiller, the fish being removed from the latter, the same as from 
the pot, where there is no spiller. As a rule in Puget Sound wire is 
commonly used for the leaders and hearts and cotton twine for the 
pot and spiller. Occasionally wire is also used for the pot, but never 
in the spiller, as it could not then be fished. Wire has come into use 
within recent years. It is fastened to the top of the stakes by the 
use of boards. In addition to the two hearts some pound nets have 
what are termed “‘jiggers’’ attached to the inside of the first or large 
heart. These are in reality equivalent to another and larger heart. 
The netting of the pot very seldom extends to the bottom, as this 
would mean an unnecessary expenditure, but instead an ‘‘apron”’ of 
netting leading up from the heart to the bottom of the pot is used to 
lead the fish into the pot. Some pound nets are set to fish only one 
side, the location rendering the other side useless for fishing. 
The pound nets in Willapa Harbor are quite small as compared 
with those in Puget Sound. The leaders are usually 100 feet or less 
in length, and only one heart is used. A wing is used from one side 
of the heart to draw the fish into it. In order to use all available 
space, the tunnel from the heart to the pot opens out from the side 
instead of the end of the heart. The tunnel is about 3 feet wide at 
the large end and narrows down to 18 inchesat the small end. The 
tunnel from the pot to the spiller is still smaller; but even as small 
as these entrances are, it is said that seals sometimes succeed in getting 
into the pot and sometimes even into the spiller. All parts of these 
nets are made of twine. 
Pound nets, as previously stated, are fished in the Columbia River 
on the Washington side as far up as commercial fishing is followed; 
but more are set off Chmook than from all other points on the river 
combined. The total number operated in 1915 in the vicinity of that 
town was 118, having a value of $97,700. These nets, as the value 
indicates, are much smaller than those used in Puget Sound and are 
set in water from 15 to 25 feet deep. The leaders range in length 
from 100 to 900 feet. One heart only is used; this has an average 
length of from 30 to 35 feet and a width of 40 feet. The pots range 
in size from 32 to 36 feet square and the spiller from 16 to 24 
feet square. The entire net is made of twine, no wire, as in Puget 
Sound, being used. In places where the current is very strong, 
the entrance from the heart to the pot is similar to those of nets 
in Willapa Harbor; that is, from the side of the heart. In this 
case the pot and spiller are upstream from the heart. 
The pound nets used farther up the Columbia River at Kalama 
are like those below, except that they have no spiller, the catch 
being taken direct from the pot. The leaders vary in length from 
150 to 600 feet, and the pots are usually about 24 feet square. 
The pound-net season on the Columbia River is from May 1 to 
August 25, and from September 10 to March 1, but only a few con- 
tinue fishing after the first of December. During the spring and sum- 
mer season, fishing is prohibited from 6 p. m. on Saturdays to 6 p. m. 
on Sundays. The pound-net stakes are allowed to remain down 
