PROGRESS IN BIOLOGICAL INQUIRIES, 1934 393 



Prior to 1934, the following investigations were undertaken : Sur- 

 vey of Grand Teton National Park, Wasatch Forest studies, initia- 

 tion of Glacier National Park survey of food production in mountain 

 streams and lakes, life history studies of the cutthroat trout and 

 Rocky Mountain whitefish, also miscellaneous investigations in coop- 

 eration with various State fish and game departments. 



During 1934, investigations in this region were expanded as a 

 result of funds allotted from the Public Works Administration. 

 Nine survey parties were assigned to the Intermountain States to 

 study waters of certain national parks and forests. The following 

 results were obtained: 



The survey of Glacier Park was completed, thus furnishing the 

 basis for a management plan which will maintain fishing in this 

 popular recreation area. Valuable contributions to our knowledge 

 of mountain lakes and streams will also be made as a result of this 

 study. Papers b}^ specialists concerning the physical and chemical 

 conditions, aquatic plants, plankton, and fishes are in preparation 

 for publication. 



The survey party assigned to Idaho studied certain waters in the 

 Salmon, Sawtooth, and Challis Forests. As a result of these studies 

 detailed plans for stocking and otherwise improving the lakes and 

 streams of this popular area have been furnished. The apparent 

 failure of previous plantings of smelt and eastern landlocked salmon 

 was demonstrated by this investigation. Also a planting in 1931 of 

 pond weed seed {P. pect hiatus) in Pettit and Stanley Lakes was 

 shown to have failed. Numerous gill-net sets in Redfish, Pettit, 

 Alturas, and Stanley Lakes indicated a great abundance of suckers 

 and squawfish but no trout, other than a few native Dolly Varden. 

 It is apparent, therefore, that the heavj'' plantings of various species 

 made have failed to benefit the lakes. Studies of the life history 

 of the squawfish and suckers should be made in order to effect their* 

 control. 



In 'Utah a survey of the Cache Forest and certain waters of the 

 Wasatch and Ashley Forests revealed the need for stream improve- 

 ment and indicated that more intelligent planting would produce 

 better fishing. Detailed plans for this work have been prepared 

 based on data collected. 



The survey party also cooperated with the Bureau of Animal In- 

 dustry and the State fish and game department in determining the 

 effects of the proposed copper-sulphate treatment in trout streams. 

 A concentration of 1 : 500,000 was used for 24 hours in East Canyon' 

 Creek. The results indicated that wherever the concentration was 

 strong enough to kill the objectioiuible snails it was deadly to trout,' 

 though not harmful to the other fish food. 



In cooperation with the United States Forest Service, experiments 

 in the fertilization of small, high mountain lakes were initiated. 

 Since soil and water analyses of these lakes and a highly productive 

 trout lake (Fish Lake) demonstrated a deficiency in carbonates, phos- 

 phates, and nitrates in the former, known quantities of these sub- 

 stances were introduced to determine the practicability of fertiliza- 

 tion. Aquatic plants and fish food organisms from Fish Lake were 

 also introduced. Detailed quantitative studies of chemistry and food 



