CONTENTS. 



Introduction 



Distribution : 



Atlantic coast 



Pacific coast 



Description : 



Eastern oyster, Ottrea virginiana 



Pacific coast "native," Ostrealurida. 

 Reproduction and development: 



Sexual characteristics 



Ripening of the generative organs. . . 



Spawning 



Embryonic development 



Fixation, set, or spatting 



Growth 



Anatomy 



Physical and biological conditions on oys- 

 ter-beds : 



Temperature of water 



Temperature; planted beds in San 

 Francisco Bay 



Density of water; determination of 

 density and temperature 



Silt, mud, and suspended matter 



Tides and currents 



Depth of water 



Weather conditions — storms, gales, 

 and ice 



Food 



Enemies , 



264 



265 



265 

 266 



266 

 267 



267 

 268 

 268 

 270 

 274 

 274 

 276 



281 



281 

 283 

 284 

 285 



285 

 286 

 288 



Description of natural bed 292 



Destruction of natural beds — causes and 



remedies 295 



Increase of supply by artificial means 296 



Planting with seed : 



Preliminary considerations 298 



Preparing bottom 299 



Seed 301 



Sowing the seed 302 



Working the beds 303 



Planting with cultch or stool : 



Preliminary considerations 304 



Preparing bottom 305 



Cultch, collectors, stool 305 



Coating cultch 309 



General considerations on spat-col- 

 lecting 310 



Working the beds 312 



Protection from enemies 313 



Increase on planted beds 320 



Growing oysters in ponds 320 



Breeding oysters in jionds 322 



Artificial propagation 330 



Artificial feeding 335 



Fattening, plumping, floating 336 



Greening 337 



Transportation and length of life when 



removed from the water 338 



Notes on clam-culture 339 



