ALASKA FISHERY AND FUR-SEAL INDUSTRIES, 1922. 49 



three creeks are very small. All have brown water. Redfish fry were playing 

 in all of them. 



Creek SO. — August 9, 1909. It is of the same type and about the same size 

 as Creek 24, running through very low land. Its estuary has low islands, gravel 

 bars, and little sloughs. The rise of the lake would put the mouth back 

 hundreds of yards. The creek is 40 to 50 feet wide, narrowing at the mouth. 

 Temperature 44° F. There are many big rocks and bowlders upstream. Sev- 

 eral hundred salmon were seen in a half-mile reach. 



Creek ^/.—August 9, 1908. East of Creek 30 there are no creeks for a few 

 miles. Just before reaching the high and prominent peninsula a good-sized 

 bight occurs, making a small peninsula on its western end. A small brown 

 creek empties into the eastern portion of this bight, cutting a rather wide 

 mouth through the beach gravel. Temperature at mouth 44° F. It carried 

 many salmon for so small a stream. Many eggs and spawning fish were seen. 

 It differs markedly in type from those carrying no salmon. It is heavily 

 overgrown with bushes, runs through tundra-like country between mountains, 

 and the grade rises rapidly but leaves plenty of pools and easy currents for 

 fish. It is an excellent supplementary stream as a source of eggs. 



Creek 32.— July 28, 1908. At the head of a large bay about 1 mile long 

 behind the high peninsula. The entrance is foul with rock shoals on each 

 side, and caution must be used in approaching. The stream is a large one, 

 exceeded in size by not more than four or five of the lake tributaries, and 

 drains low swampy ground with many stagnant sloughs. There is no favorable 

 place for a dam. It very soon bifurcates, and one branch bifurcates again. 

 It is probably made up of several or many branches. The main stream is 

 about 20 feet wide. The ground about the mouth was at this date swampy 

 and cut up by dry sloughs. The water was very clear and cold, with the 

 finest kind of gravelly spawning ground.s, pools, and riffles. Many highly 

 colored redfish in .^pawning condition and many nests and eggs were seen. 

 Some thousands of salmon must already have entered at this date. 



Creek 33. — July 30, 1909. An insignificant stream, heavily overgrown with 

 bushes, about a half mile east of the island at the mouth of the bay at whose 

 head is Creek 32. There was a school of salmon and some redfish fry near the 

 almost stagnant mouth of brown water, but there were no salmon in the few 

 yards of the stream inspected. A few trout were seen. 



Creek 3-'/. — June 30, 1909. This important creek is about a mile west of 

 Creek o.l and similar in size to the latter. There were some native drying racks 

 near by. Though the stream did not appear promising at the mouth, which 

 is less extensive than that of Creek 35 and debouches more abruptly, it con- 

 tained an abundance of salmon. Besides hundreds in the mouth, 500 were 

 tallied in less than a half mile, all in fine color and none dead. Nine days 

 later the same reach contained not fewer than 7G5 living and 34 dead. Nearly 

 all were highly colored and many making nests. This is evidently one of the 

 best streams of the lake. The grade rises rapidly, the bed is ideal spawning 

 ground of heavy gravel, and the water is very clear and cold. It probably does 

 not come from a lake as does Creek 35. 



A female redfish with a remarkable gill-net twine wound was seen here. The 

 fish, which was not in full color, had an immense deep sore along the usual 

 site of twine scars. The sore was deepest in the muscles of the back, making 

 a gaping red wound so deeply eroded that, with the more superficial erosion 

 extending aroimd the belly, the two halves of the body vibrated on this wound 

 as a hinge. The fish seemed about to break in two parts whenever it swam 

 rapidly. It had a much fungused head and was rather feeble. 



Having in mind the possibility that the salmon may acquire a terminal infec- 

 tion during the latter stages of life or when spent, two highly colored examples 

 were taken from this creek and bacteriological cultures made from them. 

 One was a dead and spent male 26 inches long, the other a dying spent female 

 23 inches long. Blood from the heart of each was planted in agar plates. 

 The result was negative. 



Creek 35. — July 30, 1909. In the bight south of the point which is opposite 

 the island nearest the location of the tally rack. It is a creek of some im- 

 portance, with a conspicuous estuary. The water was warmer than most of 

 the other creeks, indicating its source in a lake that is about a half mile long 

 and less than an hour's travel above the mouth. The grade rises rapidly, 

 making cascades in its upper reaches. About 50 adult salmon were seen, all 

 living. There were many fry where the stream leaves the lake, and four adults 



