94 REPORT OF THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE 
species. Usually the most important of the six species predominating 
in the retail sales of cities close to important producing waters are 
the species taken in abundance in these waters; but im cities located 
farther inland the number of sources of these commodities increases. 
However, such species as haddock, halibut, salmon, shrimp, and 
oysters appeared among the six species leading in retail sales in many 
inland cities as well as in those close to their natural habitats. 
North Pacific halibut fishery —A study was undertaken during the 
year of the marketing of halibut. While the annual limit of halibut 
taken from the North Pacific during the past few years has been set 
by the International Fisheries Commission of the United States and 
Canada at around 46,000,000 pounds, it is anticipated that as the 
reserve brood stock is replenished, a higher limit of the annual take 
may be set. If this is done the current marketing problems may be 
augmented by new ones. Consequently the survey is undertaking a 
broad field of inquiry, to include distribution, competition, vessel 
operation, transportation, warehousing, merchandising practices, con- 
sumer attitude, and a chronology of the fishery from its Inception in 
the North Pacific. 
Cooperative marketing—In connection with the administration of 
Public No. 464, authorizing associations of producers of aquatic 
products, studies have been made pertaining to fishery cooperatives 
and the financing of fishermen. Also, information has been supplied 
to interested parties as to the organization and operation of fishery 
cooperatives. There are more than 100 associations of various types, 
54 of which are classed as either commercial or semicommercial. The 
associations engaged in selling fish and buying supplies for their 
members had a volume of business in 1935 of more than 9 million 
dollars and had investments in association property in excess of 
$5,200,000. The 54 associations had members and crews exceeding 
12,500 fishermen. These members had investments in boats and ves- 
sels of over $20,700,000. Investment in fishing gear for these mem- 
bers amounted to more than $3,600,000 in 1935, not considering re- 
placement which ranges from 30 percent to 300 percent annually. 
The studies revealed that the conduct of fishing enterprises generally 
is without an adequate financial foundation. Independent fishermen 
for the most part rely upon buyers, dealers, and others in the trade 
for financing fishing operations. Fishery cooperatives generally 
have inadequate equipment and facilities and are in need of more 
appropriate financing. 
STATISTICAL INVESTIGATIONS 
FISHERIES OF THE UNITED STATES, CALENDAR YEAR 19385 
New England States—During 1935 the commercial fisheries of 
Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecti- 
cut employed 18,449 fishermen. Their catch amounted to 655,430,000 
pounds, valued at $17,894,000—an increase of 31 percent in volume 
and 33 percent in value as compared with 1933. Landings of fish by 
American fishing vessels at Boston and Gloucester, Mass., and Port- 
land, Maine, amounted to 373,118,000 pounds, as landed, valued at 
$9,005,000—an increase of 24 percent in volume, and 14 percent in 
value as compared with 1934. 
