266 U. 8S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 
that part of the business devoted to either of the latter two phases 
is included in the wholesale and manufacturing survey and the part 
devoted to fishing is included in the shore or vessel fisheries. If a 
wholesale business is conducted with no manufacturing and the 
business is so small that the full time of one man over the whole year 
or season is not required, it is then disregarded as a wholesale business. 
If commodities other than fishery products are handled, the persons 
engaged, and salaries and wages paid, are prorated; and only that 
part concerned with fishery products is included. If such a firm 
requires less than the full time of one man over the whole year or 
season and if it does not manufacture, it is not included in the can- 
vass. Retail firms that manufacture or whose wholesale business 
exceeds the retail part are included. Persons or firms engaged in 
the motor trucking of fishery products are included as wholesalers 
if they are engaged in wholesale buying and selling. 
Buyers for a central firm are not canvassed as wholesale dealers 
unless they ship direct to the firm’s customers from the buying point. 
Fishermen or fishing concerns, except manufacturers, who do not 
buy fishery products are not included under this heading except that 
oyster-shucking firms are included provided shuckers are employed 
and irrespective of whether all or part of the oysters used are taken 
from the firms’ privately owned beds. 
Manufacturing concerns include those which prepare packaged 
fishery products; salted, spiced, smoked, dried, or otherwise cured 
fishery products; canned fishery products; or fishery byproducts. 
Fishermen who manufacture are surveyed to obtain the number 
of persons so employed and the volume and value of the products 
prepared. 
In collecting statistics of manufacturing firms, the agents obtain 
data on the production for each plant in producing areas of products 
as marketed by the plant. Such products are usually “‘final’’ and 
in form for consumption; however, the products may be “intermedi- 
ate’? and require further processing before reaching the consumer 
markets. An outstanding example of an intermediate product is 
ereen-salted ground fish which almost invariably is further processed 
before final marketing. In reviewing the statistics of manufactured 
products it should be observed that intermediate products are not 
shown where they are prepared to the final stage in the original 
plant. An exception to this rule, however, is in the case of the pro- 
duction of mild-cured salmon, which on account of its importance 
is shown in its entirety, whether further processed in the producing 
plant or not. In this connection it should also be stated that several 
of the byproducts for which statistics are shown may be intermediate, 
and the plants producing the final products are not surveyed by this 
Bureau. Outstanding among such products are marine-animal oils, 
scrap, and meal. 
Statistics of persons engaged in wholesale and manufacturing 
establishments are reported in three groups: Proprietors, salaried 
employees, and wage earners. 
Proprietors represent those persons who devote their time to the 
conduct of the enterprise and receive their compensation in the form 
of profits. Managers of branch houses are not classified as pro- 
prietors. 
Salaried employees usually include those persons paid by the week 
or month, while wage earners usually consist of those paid on a per 
