124 ALASKA FISHERIES AND FUR INDUSTRIES IN 1919. 



augmented by the return of Mr. Kussell, reached the extreme south- 

 west angle of the lake. There the salmon were jumping in numbers 

 in water near the shore where camp was located. 



The extreme tip of the lake is bluntly truncated and receives the 

 waters of both the Hallet Kiver and the upper Klutina. The latter 

 em])ties into it through numerous channels and the former by a 

 single stream, which, though it originates to the westward and trav- 

 erses a valley se})arated from the Klutina by a considerable mass of 

 mountains, enters close to the west channel of the Klutina and 

 parallels it for a stretch such that it seems to be at first sight a part 

 of the Klutina complex. The valley of the upper Klutina is broad 

 and flat and traversed by a series of connecting channels; it is 

 occupied also by a considerable number of small lakes. Both the 

 sloughs on the flat and the channels are significant factors in the 

 spawning of the red salmon. I'he conditions are discussed in the 

 section devoted to the upper Klutina. 



The party spent nearly a week in the investigation of that regiori 

 and left on August 19, stopping at the old camp on the lake shore 

 near the mouth of St. Anne Creek, Opportunity was then given to 

 examine that stream for the second time and to note the contrast 

 with conditions observed a week earlier. On August 20 camp was 

 moved again and the party proceeded to St. Anne Lake, where a 

 two-day stop was made. That lake is evidently very important for 

 the fishery problems of that region and is described in detail in another 

 section. It took two days to cross from St. Anne Lake to Lake 

 Tazhna, where the party camped near the outlet late in the afternoon 

 of August 23. 



A study of the southeast shore of the lake showed only scanty 

 evidence of the presence of red salmon. Near the place where the 

 shore turns sharply toward the south is a fair-sized creek, but neither 

 this nor the larger stream which was nearer camp yielded any evi- 

 dence of the visitation of red salmon during that season. Only a 

 single dead redfish was seen floating in the lake in the trip of 10 miles 

 from camp to the angle, and only two were found lying on the beach in 

 the same distance. Although the guide stated that two Norwegians, 

 who camped near the angle of the lake some years ago, caught plenty 

 of redfish in a net set in an eddy near their camp, there was no evi- 

 dence of the presence of any number of fish at the time of the visit. 

 It would have been worth while to stop at that point to test the con- 

 dition of the waters in which they had fished at an earlier date, but 

 circumstances prevented. A few more fish were encountered along 

 the beach near the south end of the lake, but none were seen living 

 or floating in that section, and the few small streams which empty 

 into the lake along that shore yielded absolutely no evidence of present 

 or past spawning activity of the red salmon. During the period of 

 the visit to the head of the lake the shore was pounded by a surf such 

 as to indicate its unfitness for salmon spawning. If by chance au)^ 

 fish had reached that region and spawned, their activities were mis- 

 diiected, for the eggs would have had no chance to develop. However, 

 there is no reason to suppose that they ever attempt to spawn 

 along that section of the lake, and, in fact, all of the fish that were 

 seen along the entire southeasterly shore of the lake might easily 

 have been dead fish lloatmg at the surface, carried into that territory 



