REFRIGERATION OP FISH 513 



Table 5. — Fish frozen in 1925, by geographical sections and by species 



Species 



Bluefish (all trade sizes). 

 Butterfish (all trade 



sizes) 



Catfish 



Ciscoes (including blue- 

 fin, blackfin, chub, 



lake herring, etc.) 



Ciscoes (tullibees) 



Cod, haddock, hake, 



pollock 



Croakers 



Flounders 



Halibut (all trade sizes) . 

 Herring, sea (including 

 alewives and blue- 

 backs) 



Lake trout 



Mackerel (except Span- 

 ish). 



Pike perches and pike 



or pickerel 



Sablefish (black cod). ... 

 Salmon: 



Silver and fall 



Steelhead trout. 



All other 



Scup (porgies) 



Shad and shad roe 



Shellfish 



Smelts, eulachon, etc 



Squeteagues or "sea 



trout" 



Squid 



Sturgeon and spoonbill 



cat.. 



Suckers 



Whitefish 



Whiting 



Miscellaneous frozen 

 fish. 



Total. 



New 

 England 



Pounds 

 4,439 



153, 775 

 19, 135 



11,696 

 25, 445 



1, 613, 233 



414 



427, 906 



419, 904 



4, 002, 05' 

 3,995 



6, 526, 800 



2,795 



183,314 



341, 183 

 238, 292 



59, 765 

 557, 273 



69, 672 



140 



2, 524, 318 



830 

 6, 452, 962 



921, 655 



Middle 

 Atlantic 



Pounds 

 441, ', 66 



1,311,983 



977, 531 

 219, 431 



483, 298 

 804, 806 

 585, 383 

 323, 368 



377, 536 



1, 547, 301 



3, 124, 869 

 900 



153, 871 

 18, 581 



137, 454 



658, 792 

 95,775 



637, 957 

 26,247 



1, 518, 600 

 438, 393 



359, 641 



2,378 



613, 374 



1, 952, 967 



1, 696, 563 



24,560,99818,916,120 



South 

 Atlantic 



Pounds 



29,097 



14,220 



13, 730 

 346, 123 



4,828 

 55, 000 

 12, 250 



100 



160, 453 

 128, 037 



3,100 



370, 240 



1, 137, 178 



North 



Central 



East 



Pounds 

 115,568 



24, 633 

 53, 761 



3, 108, 701 

 401, 751 



85, 356 



70, 145 



10, 387 



1, 329, 191 



178, 

 1,351, 



140, 841 



1,935 

 25 



22Z 

 238, 



22, 

 354, 



128, 



1, 019, 

 18, 



905, 633 



11,874,664 



North 



Central 



West 



Pounds 



160 

 175, 742 



636, 286 

 105, 673 



106, 814 



22 

 184, 467 



249, 

 287, 



59, 



165, 

 41, 



nit;, 



49, 

 1, 

 4, 



131, 

 3, 



9,185 



2, 



217, 



1,728, 



981, 941 



5, 249, 762 



South 



Central 



and 



Moun- 

 tain 



Pounds 

 7,530 



14, 253 



18, 625 

 2,312 



2,400 



2,151 

 4,085 



7: i 



30, 066 



Pacific 



Pounds 



59, 602 



478, 988 



99, 709 

 , 776, 997 



378, 



30 : 



661, 708 



1,240 



7,889 



CM) 



4, 



2, 551, 



3, 883, 

 1,461, 

 5, 326, 



167, 

 606, 

 122, 



287 

 64, 133 152, 765 

 "360 



3, 894! 2, 



: 



891.481J 2,607, 



'.).".' 



1,050,784 28,375,562 



Total 



Pounds 

 569, 303 



1, 519, 648 

 271, 579 



4, 752, 839 

 828, 434 



2, 781, 419 



1, 221, 488 



1,123,407 



12, 041, 155 



5, 264, 269 

 2, 055, 781 



8, 948, 297 



5, 233, 655 

 2, 619, 046 



4, 548, 457 



1, 481, 378 



6, 123, 680 



899, 528 



351, 247 



2, 456, 618 



350, 680 



1, 647, 427 

 3, 015, 393 



604, 109 



70, 999 



1, 856, 998 



10, 152, 799 



8,3/5,435 



91, 165, 068 



SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED IN REFRIGERATION 



Heat and its relation to other forms of energy is one of the most 

 intricate and difficult branches of science, and the practical refriger- 

 ation man need not be a master of it. Yet there are certain prin- 

 ciples, the understanding of which is of great value to an intelligent 

 conduct of a refrigerating business. Reference will be made, in 

 connection with the many details of this subject, to the more im- 

 portant scientific papers which the reader who is interested to pursue 

 the subject more extensively may consult. 



NATURE OF HEAT 



All matter or substance consists of extremely minute particles 

 or molecules. Motion of these molecules is heat. Many of the 

 simpler substances, for example water, are capable of existing in 

 three states— solid, liquid, and gas— the differences being only in 

 the amount of motion in the molecules and their distance apart. In 

 the gaseous state (steam) the molecules are far apart and in great 

 activity or motion, like a swarm of insects, each free to move long 



