REFRIGERATION OF FISH 



569 



OCEAN TRANSPORTATION 



Refrigerator ships provide facilities for storage aboard similar 

 to those in cold-storage warehouses, with those differences that arc 

 made necessary by the construction and operation of the ship. The 

 holds are insulated with cork, with pipes overhead and on the walls. 

 Battens usually are provided on the floors. The temperature com- 

 monly maintained ranges from 18° to 20°, which is high for long 

 storage but answers the purpose for the short time of a voyage. 

 The machinery is either the carbon dioxide or ammonia compression 

 type. Ships usually have one or two spare machines, complete, and 

 a full supply of spare parts to be used in case of a breakdown, which 

 would be diastrous if spare parts were not available. 32 



Fig. 24. — Carbon dioxide refrigeration machinery aboard 



steamship 



Boxes for ocean transportation should be strong, well nailed to- 

 gether, and are required to be strapped or wired. Transportation 

 from freezer to ship is usually effected by trucks. This practice 

 affords some opportunity for the fish to receive some heat, especially 

 if there is any delay in transferring them to the refrigerator hold 

 of the ship. When there is a railroad track alongside the freezer, 

 connecting with a track on the wharf, it is excellent practice to pack 

 the fish in a refrigerator railroad car, with bunkers iced, and have 

 the car shifted to the wdiarf. In handling large lots this is cheaper 

 than transfer by truck. 



32 For discussion of practical details see "The design and construction of refrigerated 

 ships," by Llewellyn Williams. Paper read at thirty-second general meeting of the 

 Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. NewYork City. Nov. 13 and 14. 1924. 

 Also, " Ship's refrigeration,'* bv Robert F. Massa. Cold Storage and Produce Review, 

 vol. 20, No. 227, February. 1917. p. 40 ; No 1 . 228, March, 1917, pp. G2-64 ; No. 230. May, 

 1917. p. 104. 



