THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 323 
DIVISION OF STATISTICS AND METHODS OF THE FISHERIES. 
Mammals: 
1. Sirenians: Manatee (cast). 
2. Cetaceans: Common dolphin (cast). Black-fish (cast). Grampus (cast). Har- 
bor porpoise (cast). 
3. Carnivores: 
(a) Earless seals: Harbor seals (live specimens in pool). 
(6) Eared seals: Northern fur seals, Alaska. 
This group represents a section of a seal rookery on the Pribilof islands. 
Fur seals are polygamous, and the rookeries or breeding grounds are com- 
posed of thousands of harems, containing 5 to 50 females each. The male 
is much larger than the female. The young males are drivenaway from the 
rookery by the adult males and compelled to herd by themselves. Seals 
are selected for killing by the United States Government from the young 
males, females never being disturbed, but the American fur-seal herd is 
constantly decreased by poachers, who kill female seals at sea. 
Reptiles: 
1. One 7-foot Florida alligator (mounted). 
2. Turtles and tortoises; loggerhead turtle (cast); hawksbill turtle (polished 
mounted shell); hawksbill turtle from the Philippine Islands (unmounted 
shell); green turtle (cast). Soft-shell turtle (live specimens in aquaria). 
Snapping turtle (live specimen). 
Fish: 
Casts and stuffed skins of 75 species of marine and fresh-water food-fishes. 
Colored drawings of fish. 
Living marine and fresh-water fish in aquaria, representing 147 species. 
Invertebrates: 
Living sea-anemone, starfish, crabs, lobsters, mollusks, ete., in aquarium. 
Model illustrating fishing scenes on the New England coast: 
This model represents the five important methods employed in the capture of fish 
and lobsters for commercial purposes by fishing vessels along the New England coast. 
The gill net, set at the surface of the water, is used for catching mackerel, herring, 
and other fish that school on the surface. The mesh of the net varies in size from 
23 to 33 inches, and the vessel carries, on an average, ten nets to each member of the 
crew. 
At the rear of the gill net set at the surface is a trawl; this varies in length and has 
short lines with hooks fastened to it at regular intervals, the intervals varying from 
3 to 15 feet, according to the fishery in which the line is used. In the haddock fish- 
ery the hooks are 3 feet apart; in the halibut, 12 to 15 feet. The trawl is set by 
allowing it to sink to the bottom, the ends being secured by anchors, from which long 
lines lead to the surface, where they are attached to buoys or kegs, so that the fisher- 
men can locate the trawl. Each line of trawls is about 50 fathoms long, and each 
member of the crew has from 21 to 50 lines to fish, or from 1,500 to 3,000 hooks. 
Cod, haddock, halibut, and pollock are the principal fishes caught by this method. 
The purse seine is principally used for capturing mackerel, herring, and menhaden. 
The average mackerel purse seine is about 225 fathoms and 1,000 meshes deep (2-inch 
mesh), and cost from $500 to $800 each. It is set around a school of fish so as to form 
a bag or purse, as shown by model. 
The net set on the bottom illustrates the use of gill nets in catching cod, which 
always school near the bottom of the ocean. The fish are caught by passing their 
heads through the meshes of the nets. 
The lobster traps are set on the bottom and show the method of catching lobsters. 
The light-house in the background is Thatcher’s light-house, north of Cape Ann. 
U.S. Fish Commission schooner Grampus (rigged model; scale, } inch to 1 foot): 
The Grampus was designed by and built under the supervision of Capt. J. W. Collins, 
U.S. Fish Commission. She was launched in the spring of 1886, and went into com- 
mission on June 5 of that year. She is provided with a well, located in the middle 
of the vessel, in which the fish and other marine animals can be kept alive and 
taken from distant fishing-grounds to the coast stations of the Commission for fish- 
cultural purposes or to serye as objects of study and research for biologists. In 
other important respects she is arranged and fitted to adapt her to carrying on the 
marine researches and investigations which are being continuously prosecuted by the 
Commission. Among other things, she has been fitted to operate a beam-trawl, to 
test its utility, in a commercial way, in American waters. 
