THE PAN-AMERICAN EXPOSITION. 825 
The builders at Baltimore and other ports on the Chesapeake began the construc- 
tion of sharp vessels much earlier than elsewhere on the Atlantic coast, and oyster 
pungies substantially like those used in the closing years of the nineteenth century 
were built as early as 1845 or 1850. Almost without exception these are keel vessels, 
with tall, raking masts, long bowsprit, and high, narrow sails. They are swift, and 
quick in stays. ; 
New Orleans fishing lugger (rigged model: scale, 1 inch to 1 foot): 
Model of the typical lug-rigged boat, so extensively used in the fisheries from New 
Orleans and vicinity by fishermen who are chiefly Italians or other natives of south- 
ern Europe. This represents a carvel-built, center-board boat, half deck forward, 
with wide washboards and high combing around the elliptical-shaped cockpit, the 
latter being fitted with hatches at cover, about two-thirds of its length from the for- 
ward part. There is a cuddy forward, which is entered through an opening in front 
of the mast. The boat has a graceful sheer, increased forward to a bow shape; a 
sharp bow, with concave water line and straight stem; very shallow keel; moder- 
ately rising floor, with quick turn to bilge; medium length of run; V-shaped, square 
stern, with no overhang to counter; rudder hung outside and moved by tilier. The 
rig consists of a single mast, 12 feet abaft the stem, and on this is set a single large 
lug-sail, which tacks to a traveler near the bow, where the sheave trims to an iron 
traveler across the taffrail or at the stern. The sail is not dipped in making short 
tacks to windward. Boats of this class are not used anywhere in the United States 
except on the Gulf coast, and are restricted there chiefly to Louisiana. They are 
celebrated for speed, and are reputed to be especially well adapted to the shallow, 
narrow waters in which they have to work. 
Length, over all, 40 feet 6 inches; length of water line, 39 feet 9 inches; beam, 12 
feet 5 inches; depth, amidships, keel to top of gunwale, 4 feet 9 inches; draft, aft, 2 
feet 9 inches; forward, 1 foot 9 inches; length of mast, extreme, 45 feet; length of 
yard, 38 feet 6 inches. 
Key West smackee (rigged model: scale, 1 inch to 1 foot): . 
The welled fishing boat Jeff Brown, of Key. West, Fla., of which this is a minia 
ture, was built for the market fishery at that port in 1883. Boats of this kind are 
called ‘‘smackees,’’ a variation of the term ‘‘smack ”’ as applied to welled vessels. 
They are employed in considerable numbers at Key West, and are noticeable for 
having the ‘‘Mudian rig’’—a leg-of-mutton mainsail and jib—and also a well in 
which the fish are kept alive. 
A wooden, carvel-built, sloop-rigged keel boat, with good sheer; sharp bow, rising 
floor, long run and skag; V-shaped, raking stern; cockpit aft; well amidships, cuddy 
hatch forward; mast stepped well forward; short bowsprit. Length, over all, 24 
feet; beam, 8 feet 3 inches; molded depth, 3 feet; mast, above deck, 32 feet; bow- 
sprit, outside, 6 feet; main boom, 23 feet. 
The majority of the Key West smackees are slightly smaller than the Jeff Brown, 
and differ from the latter in having square vertical sterns, with their rudders hung 
outside. They sail well and are reputed to be seaworthy and able in strong winds. 
Connecticut oyster steamer (rigged model: scale, } inch to 1 foot) : 
Model of the oyster steamer Jeremiah Smith, of New Haven, Conn. This vessel 
was built in 1885, at West Haven, Conn., and is one of the largest and finest vessels 
of this class, constructed for the special purpose of carrying on the oyster fishery in 
Long Island Sound. The model is fitted with boats, dredges, ete. This vessel is 
wide and rather flat, with moderately sharp bow and low, rounding bilge; rather 
short run; large deck houses; provided with rollers for operating the dredge; side 
chafing chocks, ete. The wheelhouse is above the akiedeor house. The vessel is 
fitted with a screw propeller, and will steam about 7 or 8 knots. 
Gross tonnage, 113.38; net tonnage, 66.68; length, over all, 72 feet; extreme 
beam, 24 feet; draft, 6 feet. 
Market steamer Golden Gate (rigged model: scale 4 inch to 1 foot): 
The Golden Gate was built in 1891 for employment in the market fishery from San 
Francisco, Cal. It is a representative of the type of small steamers, of which several 
have been built to fish from San Francisco with the parenzella. The building of 
such vessels for the market fisheries of the Pacific coast was suggested by the U. 8. 
Fish Commission in an article published in 1888, entitled ‘‘Suggestions for the 
employment of improved types of vessels in the market fisheries, etc.””? Sharp bow; 
straight stem above water line, curved below; moderate rise to floor; long, lean run; 
round stern; strong sheer; engine and pilot houses on deck; sloop-rigged, with loose- 
footed gaff mainsail. 
Length, over all, 80 feet; beam, 18 feet; depth, 7 feet; mast, deck to truck, 60 feet; 
gaff, 20 feet; mainsail: on foot, 62 feet; luff, 36 feet; head, 18 feet 6 inches; leach, 
59 feet; jib: luff, 47 feet; leach, 45 feet; foot, 15 feet. 
