COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 411 
takes pieces of coral rock and builds them up and around the basket 
until it is completely inclosed so as to form an artificial dark retreat 
for the fish. The entrance to the funnel is left exposed, however, and 
the fish seeing an inviting entrance to a dark place, go on an exploring 
expedition till they find themselves inside. The basket is left here 
for from two days to a week, when the stones are displaced, the basket 
and its contents hauled up into the canoe and emptied out by means of 
the back door, and the basket replaced in its former position. 
Hinai pubi is the other form of basket used by the Gilbert Islanders. 
It is oblong, about 25 inches wide, 18 inches high in front, and 3 feet 
long. The top gradually slopes to the rear, where it is only about 12 
inches high. <A funnel, or cone, about 8 inches in diameter and 10 
inches in depth, extends into the basket in an upward direction. This 
funnel has an opening on its under side which leads down into a square 
space about one-half the width of the basket. This space, which 
begins about halfway of the length of the funnel, runs about 5 inches 
farther into the basket. From this space another funnel, with a 
narrow slit opening, leads into the body of the basket. The mouth 
of this funnel is held taut by lines run from it to the sides. Both 
funnels are constructed of netting, while the rest of the basket is made 
from the branches of the guava tree. Bamboo is sometimes used for 
the top, owing to its lightness. The branches are lashed together with 
stout twine, no nails being employed. It takes about a week to make 
one of these baskets, but they will last a long time. This form of 
basket is used for the capture of the puhi, or moray, an eel-like fish 
quite common around the islands. 
FISH TRAPS OR PENS. 
On Pearl Harbor, Oahu, two fish traps are used for catching sharks 
and large akule, opelu, weke (goat-fish), and kawakawa (bonito). The 
larger, near Puuloa, has two walls which, fora short distance, run out 
from the shore in parallel lines. Then one of them sweeps out and 
around, forming a large and almost oval space. A wall is built par- 
allel to the shore and the outer portion of the oval meets it close to one 
end. The other line from the shore comes out almost to this parallel 
line and then turns sharply inward fora few feet, and the space between 
the two, about 4 feet, forms the entrance into the trap. The walls 
are built of coral. The end of the oval farthest from the entrance is 
almost bare at low water, while the side next to the gate has about 5 
feet of water. At high tide the whole trapis under water. Fish enter 
the trap at high water and are caught in it as the water recedes, and 
they are taken out of it at low water by means of a small seine. 
SPEARING. 
The natives are very expert with the spear in fishing and use it with 
equal facility either below or above the surface of the water. The 
spear is usually a slender pole 6 to 7 feet in length, made of very hard 
