COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 417 
swings around to meet it, and as it nears him he bows out his right 
arm, and as the fish comes between his arm and side, closes them up 
and the fish is caught, unhooked, and dropped into the boat. If he 
perceives that the fish is coming toward him in such a shape that it 
will be difficult to hold it in the manner described, he moves out of the 
way and allows the fish to make another revolution and catches it on 
its return. The fishing must be done in from ten to fifteen minutes’ 
time, as the school soon gets frightened and disappears. 
In paeaea fishing for other species besides the aku, opai, earthworms, 
and live fry of fish are used as bait. Hooks of varying sizes and kinds, 
made from ivory, tortoise shell, and human and animal bones are used. 
Frequently the fisherman takes a handful of opai and, after baiting his 
hook, bruises the remainder, and, wrapping it up in cocoanut fiber, ties 
it with a pebble on the line and close to the hooks. The bruised mat- 
ter spreads through the water when the line is dropped and serves to 
attract the fish to the vicinity of the hook. 
In uhu fishing the gall bladder of the hee is dried and then cooked 


Bone Hooks used in Fishing. 
until it becomes a jelly. This is placed ina small calabash or bowl and 
tied to the hook as bait. A pole is used in this fishing. 
In fishing for aama (crabs) from cliffs or high rocks a long bamboo 
pole with line, to the end of which is tied an opihi, is used. The fisher- 
man dangles this bait in front of the crab as it looks out from its home 
in the rocks, and the latter at once seizes it. By a quick jerk the line 
is swung up and the aama caught. 
In the deep-sea fishing hooks and lines are used without rods, except 
for the aku. Fishing is carried on here to depths as great as 600 feet. 
The older native fishermen are familiar with all the reefs and rocky 
elevations for miles in every direction from the shore, and know well 
the different species of fishes to be found in each place. Frequently 
they go entirely out of sight of the lowlands and mountain slopes, 
and take their bearings, for the purpose of ascertaining the reef or 
rock which is the habitat of the fish they are after, from the relative 
positions of the different mountain peaks. 
On Hawaii an ingenious method of fishing for ulua is practiced. A 
long pole is planted on the shore in such a position as to lean decidedly 
F.C. 1901—27 ; 
