COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 421 
fisheries of Florida would be very effective. This is an ordinary 
bucket with the bottom removed and a pane of glass substituted. 
In fishing for honu (turtle) a flat stone with two hooks lashed to the 
upper part, and running out in opposite directions, is used. This is 
attached to a long line. Hee are also caught with this style of 
apparatus occasionally. 
In fishing for papai (crabs) the younger generation frequently use 
short lines, with a small wooden buoy at the top and a piece of bait 
(meat, fish head, or any other dead bait) at the end. These are set in 
shallow water close to the shore, and are frequently lifted by the 
children who wade out to them, and who grasp with their hands the 
crabs clinging to the bait before they become frightened and let go. 




iW 
Hooks used in catching Turtle and Squid. Hook with Ivory Barb and Wooden Shank. 
SHARK CATCHING. 
The shark has always occupied a unique position in not only the 
religious but in the daily life of the native. Its connection with the 
people in a religious sense is treated of in another part of this report, 
this present chapter being devoted to methods of shark catching by 
the fishermen. 
The natives distinguish the sharks frequenting Hawaiian waters into 
five species. The mano-kihikihi (hammer-headed shark) and the lalakea 
(white fin) are considered edible. The hammer-headed shark is the one 
most frequently seen in the markets. The others ar~ the mano kanaka 
(man shark), the shark god of the ancient Hawaiians; the mano, a 
large white shark, and the niuhi, the largest and fiercest of all. The 
last two are but rarely seen in Hawaiian waters. The niuhi is said 
to be seen a long way off at night by the bright greenish light of its 
eyeballs. It is much feared by the natives. 
