COMMERCIAL FISHERIES OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 453 
year a shipment from California was placed in the fresh waters around 
Honolulu. In the Honolulu Pacific Commercial Advertiser, under 
date of September 4, 1869, appeared the following item: 
Mr. C. P. Ward has imported a few frogs and placed them in a pond at ‘‘Sunny 
South,’’ his country residence at Pawaa [Oahu]. Some years since the agricultural 
society introduced some, which were placed in taro patches near Dr. Hillebrand’s 
residence, and soon disappeared—supposed to have been killed by the rats. 
In October, 1899, a shipment of 6 dozen was landed at Hilo, 
from Contra Costa County, Cal. They were of two varieties—one 
dark greenand the other mottled. They were brought in a barrel with 
a little water. The frogs were planted in various places around Hilo, 
and soon became abundant. In 1900 a few were taken for market. 
This year (1901) a few were shipped to Honolulu, and it is probable 
that catching them for market will soon prove remunerative. 
They were soon introduced on most of the other islands, and are 
said to have greatly assisted in the decrease of sickness amongst the 
numerous herds of cattle, particularly on Kauai, by keeping stagnant 
pools clean and eating the fluke (/asciola hepatica), a worm which 
infests the grass and slime in and around the pools. Cattle and sheep 
eating the grass swallow the fluke, which works its way into the ani- 
mal’s liver, sometimes killing the animal itself. Frogs have also assisted 
materially in thinning out some of the noxious insects which have been 
introduced. 
Terrapin.—This animal was introduced by the late Charles Arnold, 
of Hilo, about 1890. Several have been caught since, but nothing has 
been seen or heard of them during the last few years. 
Oysters.—As most of the early white settlers in the islands were 
from New England and the Middle Atlantic States, they undoubtedly 
often longed for the delicious oysters of their native States, but very 
few of them ever expected to enjoy a feast of them unless they should 
revisit their early haunts. In the course of time the Eastern oyster 
was transplanted to the Pacific coast, but for a while it was supposed 
they would not stand transportation so far as Honolulu. However, 
under date of January 28, 1871, the Pacific Commercial Advertiser, of 
Honolulu, contained the following article: 
A sensation.—We had one this week. We received an invitation to partake of 
fresh oysters, just out of the shell! They were part of a lot received by the steamer 
from California, and were they not delicious! We understand they can be delivered 
here for $7 per bushel. It is proposed, we hear, to plant a bed at Ewa on this island, 
a good locality having been selected. 
It is probable that the attempt at oyster-culture thus mentioned was 
not carried out, as there is no further mention of it. 
On October 28, 1871, there appeared in the Pacific Commercial 
Advertiser the advertisement of a San Francisco firm offering to fur- 
nish transplanted New York oysters in shell at Honolulu during the 
winter months for $4 a hundred. 
