24 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



The Chinook gill nets are usually 8f to 9 inches stretch mesh and 

 24 meshes deep, while the gill nets for silvers, dogs, and steelheads 

 are of 7-ineh stretch mesh and 35 meshes deep. 



For some years the salmf)n from the Quinault River were brought 

 to Hocpiiam and Aberdeen for canning. In 1911 W. W. Kiu-tz, of 

 the former place, began the erection of a cannery at Moclips for the 

 purpose of packing these fish, and the same season his example was 

 followed by Frank Shafer. Mr. Kurtz still operates his plant, but 

 the other is now owned by the Pacific Fisheries & Packing Co. 



Grays Harbor. — This is the first important indentation on the coast 

 of Washington south of Cape Flatter}^. It is about 40 miles long 

 from east to west and about 20 miles wide in the widest part. The 

 principal tributary is the Chehalis River, but there are a number of 

 small streams which debouch into the harbor. 



In 1883 B. A. Seaborg, who operated a cannery on the Columbia 

 River, established a plant at what was later to be the thriving city 

 of Aberdeen, although at that time it was practically a wilderness. 



In 1902 the North American Fisheries Co. built a plant at Aber- 

 deen. Shortly after it came into the possession of the Grays Harbor 

 Packing Co., and on June S, 1903, it was destroyed by hre. It was 

 rebuilt and operated by this company until 1906, when it was sold 

 to S. Elmore & Co., who still ow^n it. 



The Hoquiam Packing Co. built a cannery at Hoquiam in 1904 

 and have operated it ever since. 



In 1910 two canneries were in operation at Aberdeen and Hoquiam, 

 respectively; in 1915 there were three at the former place and 

 one at the latter, while in 1919 there were six in operation. 



WiTlapa Harbor. — The entrance to this harbor, which also includes 

 Shoalwater Bay, is about 27 miles south of Grays Harbor The har- 

 })or runs east and west and is about 25 miles kmg. Shoalwater Bay 

 extends south from it a distance of about 30 miles, its southern por- 

 ti(m ending about a mile from the Columbia River and its west- 

 ern side being separated from the ocean by a spit varying in width 

 from three-fourths to 1 mile. The bay is shallow, excepting in the 

 nuiin channel. The ])rincipal salmon streams entering the harbor 

 are the Nasel and North Rivers, in which most of the pound or trap 

 nets are located. 



In 1884 B. A. Seaborg, a Columbia River canner, established a plant 

 on Shoalwater Bay, as the whole of Willapa Harbor was then known. 



About 1900 F. C. Barnes established a cannery at Sunshine, ( n the 

 Nasel River, but the run of salmon on this river soon became so small 

 that the plant was abandoned and the machinery moved to Mr. 

 Barnes's cannery at South Bend. 



In 1904 P. J. McGowan, the Columbia River canner, opened a 

 cannery on the North River. Mr. McGowan, who was over 80 years 

 of age at the time, had turned the control of his im])ortant Columbia 

 River canning interest over to his sons, but finding idleness not to 

 his likmg, started this cannery in order to have s(jmething to occupy 

 his time. He operated it for several years and then abandoned the 

 prtjject. 



In 1912 the Chetlo Harbor Packing Co. established a cannery at 

 Chetio Harbor, l)ut operated it only that year and m 1914. 



In 1919 only two canneries, both of them at South Bend, operated 

 on Willapa Harbor. 



