PACIFIC SAI^MON FISHERIES. 31 



Astoria is the principal center for all branches of the industry, but 

 more especially for canning. Other places in addition to Astoria at 

 which canneries are located are Ilwaco, Eagle Cliff, Altoona, Brook- 

 field, Pillar Rock, Cathlamet, on the Washington shore, and at 

 Warrendale, Rooster Rock, and Seuferts, on the Oregon shore. 



OREGON. 



Necanicum Creek. — This short stream is in Clatsop County and 

 enters the Pacific Ocean about 10 miles south of the Columbia River. 

 Its fisheries are of small importance. 



NeTialem River. — The Nehalcm is a small coastal river that rises 

 in the mountains of Clatsop and Columbia Counties, and flows into 

 the Pacific Ocean in the northern part of Tillamook County. As early 

 as 1887 there was a small canner}' here, and the business has been 

 followed ever since. In 1911 an additional plant was built and both 

 have operated each year since, except in 1913, when one was shut 

 down. 



Tillamook Bay and River. — Tillamook River is a very short stream 

 which enters Tillamook Bay, the latter boin^ in Tillamook County 

 and about 45 miles south of the mouth of the Columbia River. 



Fishing is carried on mainly in the bay. The earliest record we 

 have of canneries on this bay is of 18S6, when two were in operation. 

 From 1S91 to 1910 but one was operated, but in 1911 another plant 

 was started. In 1915 a third cannery was built, and all three oper- 

 ated until 1918, when only one was in operation. In 1919, two 

 operated. 



Nestugga, River. — This stream enters the ocean in the southwestern 

 part of Tillamook County. A cannery operated here in 1887 and the 

 business has been carried on each season with but one intermission 

 since 1905. 



Siletz River. — This river Inis its source in the mountains of Polk 

 County and enters the ocean in the northern part of Lincohi County. 

 The commercial development of the fisheries was hainjieiod for many 

 years owing to the fact that the river Wiis within tlie boundaries of 

 what was thqn the Siletz Indian Reservation. The first cannery 

 was established here in 1896. An additional one wsis built in 1918. 



Yaquina Bay and River. — The Yaquina ("crooked") River is 

 about 60 miles long: its general course is nearly west through the 

 county of Benton. The river is narrow throughout the greater part 

 of its length. A few miles from its mouth it suddenly broadens out 

 into an estuar}- from one-half to three-fourths of a mile wide, which 

 is commonly called Yafpiina Bay. The river enters the Pacific about 

 100 miles south of the Columbia. 



Salmon canning was begun on this river in 1887, wlien two small 

 canneries were constructed. The n(!Xt year an additional plant was 

 erected. The business has fluctuated considerably since then and 

 there is now but one cannery, which has not been operated since 1911. 

 In 1917 this plant was consoUdated with the one at Waldport. 

 _ The fishing grounds are all in the bay and the lower section of the 

 river. The fishermen of this section are fortunate in that they have 

 railroad communication with tlic outside world. 



Alsea Bay and, River. — ^Alsea Jiiver rises in the southwestern part 

 of Benton County, and flows in nearly a northwesterly direction to 



