PACIFIC SALMON" FISHERIES. 35 



lished at Requa. at the moutli. and this has been operated occasion- 

 ally ever since. The pickling of salmon has been done here for a 

 number of years. Some years part of the catch has been shipped 

 fresh to the cannery on Smith River or to the Rogue River (Oreg.) 

 cannery. Since 1908 the cannery has been operated continuously by 

 the Klamath River Packers Association. 



Evmboldt Bay and tributaries. — The shore line of Humboldt County 

 is bold and high, except in the vicinity of Humboldt Bay, where it 

 is rather flat. The latter is the only harbor along the county shore, 

 and it is nuite difficult of access, owing to the bar at the entrance 

 upon whicn the sea breaks quite heavily. The bay is about 12 miles 

 long and about 3 miles wide. Mad River, which has its rise in the 

 lower part of Trinity County, runs in a northwestly direction, then 

 makes a sharp turn and enters the bay from the nortli side. Eel 

 River, which has its rise in Lake County, far to the southeast, runs in 

 a northwesterly direction and enters the bay at its southern extrem- 

 ity. Small railroads running soutli from Eureka traverse the shores 

 of both rivers for some miles. A railroad now runs from the north 

 side of San Francisco Bay to Eureka, and it has aided very materially 

 in extending the market for salmon cauglit in those rivers. 



Mattole River. — This is a small and unimportant river in the south- 

 ern part of Humboldt County, and is said to have a good run of 

 salmon each year, but no commercial fishing has as yet ncen carried 

 on here. 



Noyo River. — In 1915 salmon fishing be^an at Fort Bragg, in 

 Mendocino County, wliere the Noyo River det)ouches into the ocean. 

 The building of a branch railroad to this point made the shipping 

 of salmon a possibility. In 1915 and 1916 considerable salmon 

 were caught and sliipped fresh. In 1917 the Tillamook Ice & Cold 

 Storage Co.. built and operated a cannery here, while the Columbia & 

 Northern Fishing & Packing Co., in the same year built and operated 

 a cold-storage and mild-cm^ing plant. 



Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers. — These two rivers are the 

 most important rivers in California. The Sacramento is quite crooked, 

 the distance by river from Red Bluff to San Francisco being about 

 375 miles, while; the distance by rail between these two places is only 

 225 mih'S. The river rises in several small lakes in the mountains 

 about 20 miles west of Sisson, in Siskiyou Countv, and for nearly 

 half its length flows through a narrow canyon, Iho upper portion 

 is a typical mountain stream, with innumerable pools and rapids. A 

 little above Redding the river emerges from the canyon and widens 

 into a broad shallow stream. Below vSacrameiito it runs tlirough a 

 level country and is affected by tides. Sloughs are numerous in this 

 stretch, some connecting it with the San Joa(juin. The Sacramento 

 and San Joaquin Rivers join as they empty into Suisun Bay. 



The principal tributaries of the Sacramento which are frequented 

 by salmon are the Pit and McCloud Rivers and Battle Creek. At one 

 time salmon frequented the American and Feather Rivers, but min- 

 ing and irrigation operations along these streams either killed them 

 off (^r drove them away. 



The San Joaquin River has its source in the Sierra Nevada Moun- 

 tains. Flowing west<»rly and forming the boundary between Fresno 

 and Maflera (bounties for a considerable distancx^, it then turtis 

 abruptly to the north just where it is joined by Fresno Slough, wliich 



