180 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



is not much difficulty in this respect, especially since our only compet- 

 itors are Canada, SibcMin, and Japan. The two last named have not 

 yet become important factors in the canned-salmon market, thou<j;h 

 they will as their lishinj:; operations are extended. There is more 

 competition in the pickled, fresh, and frozen markets, several Euro- 

 pean and Asiatic countries being large producers of these goods, as 

 IS Canada also, for a considerable proportion of which she is com- 

 pelled to find an outside maiket. 



The World War greatl}^ distiu'bed tlie usual course of our foreign 

 trade. Because of the need for foodstuffs a tremendous demand 

 arose in Europe for our salmon, resulting in a decided increase in 

 the cjuantities sliipj^ed there and, for a while, in a reduction of our 

 exports in other directiims. In time, however, the markets adjusted 

 themselves to the changed conditions of trade. 



EXPORTS OF DOMESTIC CANNED SALMON. 



From the beginning of the industry a considerable proportion of the 

 salmon canned has been exported, especially of the higher grades. 

 In Europe the chief customer is Great Britain, followed closely in the 

 closing years of the war by Italy. Great Britain does not, how- 

 ever, consume this quantity, for a considerable part of her importa- 

 tions are reexported. On the Nortli American Continent and adja- 

 cent islands the best customers are Mexico, Cuba, Panama, and the 

 I^ritish West Indies, in the order named. The heavy shipments to 

 Canada since 1910 are mainly in transit shipments to Europe by 

 Canadian steamship lines as our lines were overburdened with war 

 shipments. In South America, Chile, Peru, Argentina, and Ecuador 

 were the leading markets in 1918. In Asia, Hongkong and China 

 import caimed salmon, although neither buys great quantities. The 

 islands of the l^acific and Indian Oceans are large consumers. British 

 Australasia took 7,811,887 pounds, valued at ?P1,4()7,561 in 1918, and 

 other good customers were the British East Indies and British, 

 French, and German Oceania. In Africa the British and Portuguese 

 possessions are the largest imj)orters. 



The movements of these j)roducts are naturally often influenced 

 favorably or adversely as the tarilfs of the various countries in which 

 they are marketed are raised or loweretl. 



Some countries maintain excessively high tariffs, among these being 

 Brazil, 30 cents per pound; Colombia, 8] cents; Mexico, 4 cents; 

 Guatemala, 6^ cents; Paraguay, 7 cents; Uruguay, 6 cents; Austria- 

 Hungary, 8 cents, and Germany, 7 cents. Norway levies 6 cents ri 

 pound duty, but this is undoubtedly to protect her own salmon 

 industry. 



In but few of the tariff acts is canned salmon distinguished by name, 

 being usually classed as "preserved fish," and as these are usually 

 luxuries in many countries they bear an extra high duty as a result. 



In addition to th<'se high duties in some countries, especially in 

 South America, there ar<^ various other charges, fex's, etc., which 

 materially enhance the value of the goods btvfore they reacdi the 

 consumer. C. H. Clarke, of the salmon brok<'rage firm of Kelley- 

 Clarke Co., of Seattle, Wash., pn'pared and i)ublished a statement " 



a Pacific Fisherman, Vol. 13, No. 6, p. 11, 1915. 



