PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES. 261 



complete two-line plant of American can-packing machinery was 

 installed. 



In 1912 Mr. Denbigh built another cannery H miles away from the 

 above plant. This plant was first operated with German and Nor- 

 wegian sanitary machinery, but in 1914 a two-line American sanitary 

 can-packing plant was installed, the can-making plant at the first 

 plant making all the cans needed at the two canneries. 



In 1915 a number of additions were made to both plants in the line 

 of flat fillers, etc., while still more were in contemplation for 1916. 



Mr. Denbigh also operates a hand cannery at Kompakova, on the 

 west side of the Kamchatka Peninsula. 



Up to 1912 yery few canneries, and these yery primitiye affairs, 

 had been built by the Japanese, owing to the uncertainty of tenure 

 referred to preyiously. The "canneries" were mere sheds or shel- 

 ters where the cans — which were brought from Japan, made or half 

 made — were filled, closed, and cooked, furnace-heated, vertical retorts 

 being used for the latter purpose. If the o\racr lost his concession 

 at the end of the fishing season he simply took his retorts away with 

 him and the buildings were left to his successor. 



In 1912 a Tokyo company (Ichigumi & Co.) put up two canneries 

 near the Ozernaya River in Kamchatka, while a Japanese from 

 Niigata, Japan, also put up a small plant in the same vicmity. Both 

 plants were cheaply built and operated with hand-power machinery 

 and small vertical retorts. That 5'ear the two companies together 

 packed about 13,500 cases of salmon. 



The same season Ichigumi & Co. put up another hand-power can- 

 nery, and Tsutsumi ct Co., of Hakodate, Japan, built two others of 

 the same type near the Kamchatka River, on the cast coast. 



In 1913 Tsutsumi c^ Co. built a modern cannery at Ozernaya and 

 installed a complete line of American sanitary can-making and can- 

 packing machinery. 



The same year Ichigumi & Co. put up two hand-power canneries 

 near the Kamchatka River, having succeeded to the concessions for- 

 merly held hero by Tsutsumi Sc Co. In 1914 they built a modern 

 plant and installed a complete line of American sanitary can-making 

 and can-packing machinery. 



The St. Petersburg firm of S. Grooshetsky & Co., which has been 

 engaged for a number of years in the freezing of salmon and in the 

 preparation of salmon caviar, under the name of the Pacific Ocean 

 Sea Industry Association, erected a cannery near Ozernaya in 1914, 

 and installed in it a full line of American sanitary can-making and 

 can-packing machiner}'. This plant will compare favorably with 

 most of our Alaska canneries. The buildings are of iron. 



In 1915 a number of extensive improvements in the way of new 

 buildings, machinery, etc., were made to the various plants, and 

 durinj^ the winter of 1915-16 several of the canning firms had repre- 

 sentatives in this country selecting much additional machinery for 

 use during the 1916 season. During the latter season Tsutsumi & Co. 

 erected a large new plant at Kiseka and a one-line plant above Kiseka. 

 This company also operates a can-making plant at Hakodate, 

 equipped with American Can Co. machiner}' and with a capacity of 

 800,000 cans per day. Owing to the heavy demand, caused by the 

 war, a number of small hand-pack canneries also operated. 



