14 FISHERY INDUSTRIES OF THE UNITED STATES. 



The lampara net is made of cotton twine and may be operated 

 either with one large boat or with two boats. The operation with 

 one boat is carried out as follows: When a school of fish is located, 

 one end of the net is thrown out with a buoy attached, sometimes 

 anchored; then the boat is pulled around the fish in a circle, paying 

 out the net until the boat is back to the buoy from which it started. 

 Then an anchor is generally put over the side away from the net to 

 hold the boat off. Then the fishermen start hauling both ends of 

 the net from the bow and the stern, until the bag is hauled up along- 

 side. After getting the wings into the boat and the bag alongside, 

 the fish are dipped out into the well or box. The net is then over- 

 hauled and made ready for another lay. From three to five men are 

 required to operate in this way. 



When two boats are used, the bag is dropped first; then the fish 

 are circled by the boats pulling in opposite directions, paying out j;.he 

 coiled net until they meet, passing one another, one end of the net 

 being passed over the other and the boats anchored. The wings 

 are crossed wliile the net is being hauled in. The bag is thus hauled 

 up between the boats, when the fish are taken out. Six to. eight 

 men are required to operate in this way. 



A modification of the lampara has sometimes been used of late, 

 consisting of a purse, or semipurse attaclmient. It is in all respects 

 a lampara net except that a purse line is added to the bunt of the 

 net, which enables the operators to pull the lead line in more quickly 

 after the net is partly in, thus impounding the fish in the bunt of 

 the net. It is claimed that by this device it is easier to catch the 

 fish in the daytime without their sounding and getting under the 

 net when operating in deep water. A shallower net may be used, 

 thus making its operation quicker and more economical. This 

 device has not, however, been generally adopted. 



HERRING GILL NET. 



The herring gill net used in San Francisco Bay, Calif., is usually 

 about 50 fathoms in length by 2 in depth. It is made of 2-inch mesh, 

 2-ply cotton twine. The top strip of meshes, 3 or 4 inches wide, 

 abutting the cork line, is made of 4 or 5 ply twine to give it greater 

 strength. The cork line is one-half inch diameter manua, with corks, 

 2 inches in diameter, at intervals of 2 feet. The lead line is three- 

 eighths-inch manila, and the leads, weighing about 4 ounces, are 3 

 feet apart. The net is operated from one boat and is handled by 

 two men. These nets are generally purchased ready-made. 



SMELT NET. 



Smelt nets in use on San Francisco Bay are usually made of linen 

 twine. They are 28 to 30 fathoms long by 10 to 12 feet in depth and 

 are constructed of 1 ^ or 2 inch mesh. In other respects they resemble 

 the herring nets. 



TRAMMEL NET. 



A three-web trammel net observed in use in southern California 

 was 200 fathoms long by 2^ deep. The small web was of T^-inch 

 mesh, and the large outside webs of 18-inch mesh. 



