FISHES FOR CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES. 59 



addition; if very shallow or swampy areas occur, the mud minnow. 

 The common killifish is very effective in fresh and brackish tidal 

 marshes, and the translucent killifish is useful in upland creeks and 

 dams. 



11. Gambusia has not survived the northern winters but multi- 

 plies so rapidlji^ that it may be used effectively against both Culex 

 and Anopheles in small ponds and Avater gardens by planting a small 

 number each spring. Small goldfishes are useful in fountain basins 

 and small ponds with clean sides and are preferable to Gambusia for 

 use in rain barrels and tanks. 



LITERATURE CITED. 

 Baker. Fkank C. 



1916. The relation of niollusks to fish in Oneida Lake, N. Y. Technical 

 Publication No. 4, New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse 

 University, Vol. XVI, No. 21, p. 23-324. Syracuse. 

 Babney. R. L., and B. J. Anson. 



1921. Abundance of the mosquito destroying top minnow, Gambusia afflnis, 

 especially in relation to male frequency. Ecology, Vol. II, No. 1, 

 p. 53-69. Lancaster, Pa. 

 Chidester, F. E. 



1916. A biological study of the more important of the fish enemies of the 



salt-marsh mosquitoes. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Sta- 

 tions Bulletin 300, 16 p., 1 pi., 2 text figs. New Brunswick, N. J. 

 Forbes, S. A. 



1883. The food of the smaller fresh-water fishes. Bulletin, Illinois State 

 Laboratory of Natural History, Vol. I, No. 6, p. 65-94. Peoria, 111. 

 Forbes, S. A., and R. E. Richardson. 



1908. The fishes of Illinois. Natural History Survey of Illinois, State 

 Laboratory of Natural History, Vol. Ill, cxxxi+357 p. Dan- 

 ville, 111. 

 Fowler. H. W. 



1907. Gambusia in New .Jersey. Science, N. S.. Vol. XXVI, No. 671, p. 



639. New Era Printing Co., Lancaster, Pa. 

 Hankinson, T. L. 



1908. A biological survey of Walnut Lake, Mich. INIichigan State Biolog- 



ical Survey Report for 1907, p. 156-288. 75 pis. Lansing. 

 Headlee, Thomas J. 



1921. The mosquitoes of New .Terse.v and their control. New Jersey Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Stations Bulletin 348, 229 p., 129 text figs. 

 New Brunswick, N. J. 



and MiTCHEL Carroll. 



1919. The mosquito must go. New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Sta- 

 tions Circular 111, 44 p., 10 text figs. New Brunswick. N. J. 

 Hhdebrand, Samuel F. 



1919. Fishes in relation to mosquito control in ponds. Appendix IX, Re- 

 port U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries for 1918, 15 p., 3 text figs., 

 6 pis. Washington. 

 Howard, Leland O.. Harrison G. Dyar, and Frederick Knab. 



1912. The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. 

 A general consideration of mosquitoes, their habits, and their rela- 

 tion to the human species. Carnegie Institution of Washington, 

 Publication No. 159, volume one, vii-f 520 p., XIV pis., 6 text figs. 

 Lord Baltimore Press, Baltimore, Md. 

 1912. The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. 



Plates. Ibid., volume two,' x p., 150 pis. 

 1915. The mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies. 

 Systematic description (in two parts). Part I. Ibid., volume 

 three, vi-|-523 p. 



1917. Idem. Part II. Ibid., volume four, p. 525-1064. 

 Jordan, David Starr, and Barton Warren Evermann. 



1896. The fishes of North and Middle America. A descriptive catalogue 

 of the species of fish-like vertebrates found in the waters of North 

 America, north of the Isthmus of Panama. Part I. Bulletin U. S. 

 National Museum, No. 47, lx+1240 p. Washington. 



189S. Idem. Part II. xxx p.+p. 1241-2183. 



1898. Idem. Part III. xxiv p.+p. 2183a-3136. 



