90 



U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



NEW METHOD OF SHIPPING LIVE FISH WITHOUT ICE OR 



ATTENDANT. 



One of the problems that the bureau has recently been called upon 

 to solve is the distribution of fish in increasino: numbers without 

 additional funds to meet the increased transportation charges. Ii> 

 view of the facts that passenger, freight, and express rates are now 

 higher than at any period in our history, and that there is an in- 

 sistent demand for economy in both Government and private busi- 

 ness, it has seemed most opportune to undertake a new method of 

 shipping live fish without ice and, in many instances, without the 

 usual attendant. The possibilities in economy over the present 

 method of shipping by messenger are readily apparent. 



EXPERIMENTS ^VITH DIFFERENT CANS. 



Experiments made with lard cans placed in loosely fitted bags of 

 10-ounce canvas with means for keeping the canvas moist tend to 

 show that an even temperature can be maintained, and that when 

 the margin between the air and water temperature is not too great 

 the temperature of the water may be considerably reduced through 

 evaporation. The underlying principle involved in the plan is the 

 cooling effect of evaporation, and since heat greatly stimulates 

 evaporation, the principle might be successfully applied, within cer- 

 tain reasonable limits, in almost direct ratio to the need. 



The following table indicates the results of some experiments con- 

 ducted along this line: 



Experiments shouinfi compnrnhle resiiJia irith different cans vndcr rarying 



conditions. 



Day and hour. 



June 20: 



9.30 a. m 



r2.30p.m 



2.30 p. m 



3.30 p. m 



June 28: 



10a. m 



12 noon 



4 p. m 



June 29: 



9.30 a. m 



1.30 p.m 



3.30 p. m 



July 26: 



9.15a. m 



1.15 p.m 



4.15 p. in 



9a.m.i 



July 27: 



9.30 a. m 



11.30 a. m 



1.30p.m.s... 

 4.15 p.m 



Location of can. 



In yard at bureau. 



Indoors; tops open. 

 In shade; tops open. 



In shade in yerd at 

 bureau. 



In sun in yard at 

 bureau. 



1 Following morning; jacket still moist. 



' Moistened jacket of cans. 



