Shcnsmu.'! 



1^ XXX . 





Fig. 16. (upper) The "Rotterdam Ship" was one of the earliest submarines ever de- 

 signed; but, although the inventor planned in elaborate detail for its locomotion when 

 under the sea, he never once succeeded in submerging it. Fig. 17. (longer) The sinking and 

 rising of this submarine were to be accomplished by filling and emptying rows of goat-skin 

 bags, which had their mouths applied to holes in the floor of the vessel. It was one of the 

 many ingenious but quite impractical designs which were suggested during the eighteenth 

 century. (Courtesy of the New York Public Library) 



