PROTO-BATHYSPHERES 6 1 



move it about 12 foot square at the bottom where I have 

 stayed, many times 34 minutes, I have been 10 fathom 

 deep many a hundred times, and have been 12 fathoms, 

 but with great difficulty. With this engine I dived 3 years." 



Kleingert's two apparatus bring, in 1798, helmets and 

 suits to within reasonable distance of those in modern use. 

 His helmet, reaching to the hips, might better be called 

 armor, giving the wearer the appearance of Teniel's 

 Humpty Dumpty (Fig. 15). It was of tin, attached to 

 a pair of leather half sleeves, and to the jacket below. Two 

 flexible pipes permitted the ingress and outlet of air, and 

 a few years later, a bellows attached to the surface end of 

 the latter made the whole essentially like the diving helmet 

 which I have used for years. 



The second adaptation of this diving outfit (Fig. 15) 

 was to stand the diver on a platform of a diving bell, in 

 which a piston was packed in automatically by the in- 

 creasing pressure of the water outside, thus compressing 

 the air and sending it to the diver under corresponding 

 pressure. 



There remains another submarine boat to be mentioned, 

 that described in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1747, in 

 which — in the mind of the inventor — the difficult ques- 

 tion of rising and sinking in the water was solved by a 

 whole series of goat-skins filled with water and each con- 

 nected with the outer water by a small aperture. When 

 the operator, who in the illustration seems unaccountably 

 devoid of clothing, wished to ascend, he merely operated 



