380 U. S. BUREAU OP FISHERIES 



According to Evvard and others (1930a) : 



All of the tish meals used excelled meat meal tankage as lone supplements 

 to corn in daily gains, feed consumption, and feed requirements for the dry 

 lot fattening of spring pigs. The " Canadian source " fish meal was the least 

 efficient of the three tish meals fed. The menhaden and haddock fish meals 

 (Lots II and III) fed in place of tankage reduced the feeding costs materially, 

 on the basis of feed prices cluirged in this experiment, and increased the mar- 

 gin per pig over feed costs. The Canadian fish meal, Fasterfat (Lot IV) 

 made a relatively poor financial showing. Since nutritious fish and lish 

 products were used in the making of this Nova Scotia lish meal the method 

 of manufacture may have possibly had a destructive effect on certain nutri- 

 tional elements therein such, for instance, as on the vitamins or protein 

 building stones. 



The full replacement of the meat meal tankage of the Trinity mixture with 

 each one of the three fish meals used, resulted in substantially greater gains 

 (thus causing a marked saving in the feeding time recpiired to reach the 225 

 pound marketable weight), lessened supplement consumption per pig daily and 

 per hunilred pounds gain, decreased total feed requirements, lowered cost of 

 gains, based on feed prices used, and enhanced financial returns (measured 

 by margins per pig per month or for entire feeding period). The straight 

 menhaden and haddock fish meals led. 



The full replacement of the meat meal tankage of the " Big 10 " mixture 

 with different fish meals did not yield the markedly beneficial results mani- 

 fested in the modification of the Trinity mixture — thus indicating in another 

 fashion that the " Big 10," nutritionally speaking, is superior to the simple 

 Trinity supplement. However, the incorporation of two of the fish meals, men- 

 haden and haddock, proved efficient, the cost of gains being lowered and the 

 margins per pig increased. Less supplement was consumed per pig daily and 

 per hundred pounds gain produced in all three fish-meal lots (compared IX 

 with X, XI, and XII). 



The combination of both fish meal and tankage in providing the " animal 

 source " feeding products proved more efficacious than dependence on either 

 one of these two high-class zoological products. The incorporation of equal 

 quantities of meat meal tankage and fish meal in the " Big 10 " rather than 

 the use of only one of these showed up advantageously from the nutritional 

 and financial standpoints in that the gains were augmented, the feed require- 

 ments lessened, the cost of gains decreased and the " dollars and cents " mar- 

 gins per pig enhanced. Again we find that the fish meal made from the straight 

 haddock source (Lot xiV) and the straight menhaden source (Lot XIII) 

 showed superior to the white fish source product from Nova Scotia (Lot XV). 



By including the combination of the mannnalian and land source meat meal 

 tankage with the piscatorial and ocean source fish meal in the "Big 10" sup- 

 plement we therefore have what we now designate and name " The Big 11 

 Supplement " which is a superior one. The " Big 11 " supplement, on this basis, 

 would be compounded as per the following formula : 



The "Big 11 " Supplement 



Pounds 

 Meat meal tankage, 60 per cent protein 20 



Fish meal, 55 per cent or more protein 20 



Linseed-oil meal, 34 per cent protein 15 



Cottonseed meal, preferably 43 per cent protein 20 



Peanut-oil meal, not less than 40 per cent protein 9 



Alfalfa meal, high grade, green and leafy 12. 8 



Salt 1 



Limestone, 95 per cent or better calcium carbonate 1.5 



Iron oxide, ferric grade 0. 198 



Wood ashes, hardwood 0. 5 



Pota.ssium iodide 0. 002 



In purchasing a supplement for corn balancing in the production of pork on 

 foot one must ever consider both nutritional and economic efficiency in order 

 to garner the largest possible profit from the feeding operation. The relative 

 cost prices of the supplements under consideration must be weighted alongside 

 their nutritive worth tn making the most efficient and profitable purchase. 



