390 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



According to the Live Stock Journal (1913), cattle may be fed 

 a daily allowance of from 2 to 2^/2 pounds of fish meal, and pigs 

 about one-half pound. 



Haselhoff (1914) suggested the following daily amounts of fish 

 meal: Cattle. 2 pounds for every 1,000 pounds of live weight; pigs, 

 from one-fourth to one-half pound per head, according to weight 

 of swdne; and sheep from one-tenth to one-fifth pound for evei-y 100 

 pounds of live weight. 



General instructions on balancing rations and on feeding practice 

 have been issued by Borland and Loveland (1914). 



Weber (1916) described the production of excellent results where 

 fish meal was fed to pigs during the growing period at the rate of 

 0.5 pound per head per day and during the fattening period at the 

 rate of 0.85 pound of fish meal per head per day. Satisfactory results 

 were obtained when hens were fed on fish meal in the proportion 

 of 20 per cent of the weight of the mash. 



Manning (1929a) reported that egg production was practically 

 doubled by substituting 20 per cent of crab meal in the poultry ration. 

 The basal ration was low in protein. 



Manning (1930) also reported that the live and dressed w^eights 

 of pigs were more than doubled by substituting 10 per cent of fish 

 meal in the ration. The basal ration was low in protein. 



According to Leaflet No. 333 of the Ministry of Agriculture and 

 Fisheries (1919), "Fish meal has been fed with satisfactory results 

 to horses up to an amount of 2 pounds per head per day. Likewise, 

 fish meal has been used with satisfactory results, to the extent of 

 2 or 3 pounds per head per day, by Scottish cattle feeders. Difficulty 

 has been experienced in some cases in securing satisfactory consump- 

 tion at the outset, but with a little ingenuity in blending the foods 

 this is soon overcome. Experiments in Scandinavia and elsewhere 

 have demonstrated that fish meal can be fed to dairy cows to the 

 extent of 4 pounds or even more, per head daily, without imparting 

 a fishy taint to the milk. In calf-rearing at the Kilmarnock farm, 

 in 1916 and 1917, 1 part of fish meal to 2 parts of oatmeal were 

 successfully used. Fish meal is a useful supplementary food for 

 sheep on roots, and may be given at the rate of 2 to 3 ounces daily 

 per 100 pounds live weight, in admixture with pulped roots or other 

 food. It should be particularly useful for ewes in milk. Fish meal 

 may be fed to pigs as high as 1 pound per head daily with excellent 

 results. Fish meal should be introduced gradually into the diet of 

 poultry, and the proportion used should not exceed one-twentieth of 

 the whole diet in the case of chickens, or one-tenth in the case of 

 adult fowls." 



Wilgress (1924) reported that, in Germany, "from 1 to 5 ounces 

 (of fish meal) per pig is given daily, varying according to the age 

 of the pig." 



PROTEINS IN FISH MEALS 



Ingvaldsen (1929 and 1929a) has made two excellent contributions 

 to our meager knowledge concerning the character of proteins in 

 fish meals, including some data on the amino acids in these proteins. 

 These two references are highly recommended to those interested in 

 the chemical or technical phases of this subject. 



