FISH MEAL IN ANIMAL FEEDING ' 391 



Orr, Crichton, and Green (1922) emphasized the value of fish meal 

 for its content of protein. 



Edwards (1023) recommended fish meal as a supplement to corn 

 to supply sufficient protein in hog rations. 



Fish meal was used by Blair (1928) as a protein supplement in 

 poultry rations, in egg production tests. 



Kaupp (1925) found fish meal to be a good source of protein for 

 poultry in egg production. 



Ruli'ner and Curtis (1925) used fish meal as a protein supplement 

 to corn for fattening pigs. 



In testing protein supplements to corn in dry lot for fattening 

 pigs, Godbey and Durant (1926) found fish meal to be superior to 

 tankage. 



Hansson (1926) connnented favorably on the high protein content 

 of fish meal in tests with dairy cows. 



Davidson (1928), in studying rations for fattening pigs, men- 

 tioned the protein value of fish meal. 



According to the RoAvett Institute (1922), " Fish meal is an excel- 

 lent source of protein for the growing pig." 



Drummond (1918) found, in feeding tests with laboratory animals, 

 that the coagulable proteins of the muscle tissue of cod, herring, and 

 canned salmon possess a nutritive value as high as those derived from 

 beef. 



From unpublished data by McCollum and Daniel, in feeding ex- 

 periments with rats at Johns Hopkins University, the excellent value 

 of the proteins in fish meals was clearly demonstrated. 



MINERALS IN FISH MEALS 



Orr, Crichton, and Green (1922) emphasized the value of fish meal 

 for its content of minerals. They stated that, " The results of ex- 

 perimental work at this institute (Rowett Research Institute) in 

 connection with the mineral requirements of animals showed that 

 the large amount of bone-forming material in fish meal makes it 

 suitable for mixing with grains and certain other commonly used 

 feeding stuffs which are deficient in this essential." 



In dealing with the utilization of calcium and phosphorus, they 

 said: 



Of the amounts of these two essential minerals given in the fish meal, more 

 than a third was utilized by the animal and the amounts utilized were just 

 about what the animal would be expected to require. * * *. A pig of 3 to 

 4 months old can absort) and retain as much as 5 grams of lime (CaO) per day. 

 This mineral is required in the food to the extent of 1 to 2 per cent of the 

 increase in weight, and growth is limited if the supply in the food is not suffi- 

 cient. Grains are deficient in lime. Sharps contain only 0.08 per cent and 

 maize (corn) less than 0.02 per cent. A pig putting on 2 pounds per day would 

 require to eat over 20 pounds per day of a mixture of equal parts of these to 

 get sufficient lime, whereas a quarter of a pound of tish meal would yield more 

 than sufficient. It is not to be wondered at, therefore, that the addition of 

 fish meal to a ration of gi-ains and grain offal leads to increased gained in 

 weight. The results of experiments carried out in connection with mineral 

 requirement led us to believe that the undoubted beneficial effects of fish meal 

 in growth were largely dependent on the minerals present. To test this, an 

 experiment was carried out comparing fish meal with blood albumin (almost 

 pure protein) to which mineral matter similar to that in fish meal had been 

 added. It was found that the ration with blood albumin plus minerals gave 



