PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES 427 



For some years the salmon from the Qiiinault River were brought 

 to Hoquiam and Aberdeen for canning. In 1911 W. W. Kurtz, of 

 the former place, began the erection of a cannery at Moclips for the 

 purpose of packing these fish, and the same season his example was 

 followed by Frank Shafer. Only one cannery was in operation in 

 1928. 



Grays Harbor. — This is the first important indentation on the coast 

 of Washington south of Cape Flattery. It is about 40 miles long 

 from east to west and about 20 miles wide in the widest part. The 

 principal tributary is the Chehalis River, but there are a number of 

 small streams which debouch into the harbor. 



In 1883 B. A. Seaborg, who operated a cannery on the Columbia 

 River, established a plant at what was later to be the thriving city 

 of Aberdeen, although at that time it was practically a wilderness. 



In 1902 the North American Fisheries Co. built a plant at Aber- 

 deen. Shortly after it came into the possession of the Grays Harbor 

 Packing Co., and on June 8, 1903, it was destroyed by fire. It was 

 rebuilt and operated by this company until 1906, when it was sold 

 to S. Elmore & Co. 



The Hoquiam Packing Co. built a cannery at Hoquiam in 1904 

 and operated it each season for a number of years. 



In 1910, 2 canneries were in operation at Aberdeen and Hoquiam, 

 respectively; in 1915 there were 3 at the former place and 1 at the 

 latter; in 1919 there were 6 in operation; while in 1928 there were 

 4 in operation. 



Willapa Harbor. — The entrance to this harbor, which also includes 

 Shoalwater Bay, is about 27 miles south of Grays Harbor, The har- 

 bor runs east and west and is about 25 miles long. Shoalwater Bay 

 extends south from it a distance of about 30 miles, its southern por- 

 tion ending about a mile from the Columbia River and its west- 

 ern side being separated from the ocean by a spit varying in width 

 from three-fourths to one mile. The bay is shallow, excepting in the 

 main channel. The principal salmon streams entering the harbor 

 are the Nasel and North Rivers, in which most of the pound or trap 

 nets are located. 



In 1884 B. A. Seaborg, a Columbia River canner, established a plant 

 on Shoalwater Bay, as the whole of Willapa Harbor was then known. 



About 1900 F. C. Barnes established a cannery at Sunshine, on the 

 Nasel River, but the run of salmon on this river soon became so small 

 that the plant was abandoned and the machinery moved to Mr. 

 Barnes's cannery at South Bend. 



In 1904 P. J. McGowan, the Columbia River canner, opened a 

 cannery on the North River. Mr. McGowan, who was over 80 years 

 of age at the time, had turned the control of his important Columbia 

 River canning interest over to his sons, but finding idleness not to 

 his liking, started this cannery in order to have something to occupy 

 his time. He operated it for several years and then abandoned the 

 project. 



In 1912 the Chetlo Harbor Packing Co., established a cannery at 

 Chetlo Harbor, but operated it only that year and in 1914. 



In 1919 only 2 canneries, both of them at South Bend, operated 

 on Willapa Harbor, while in 1928 there were 4 in operation. 



