PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES 479 



soon as this has been accomplished, the outer shore lino is brought to 

 the bar, when several horses are hitched to the line and begin to haul 

 in the net, care being taken by the men to work it against the current 

 as much as practicable, and to get it in as speedily as they can in order 

 to prevent the escape of salmon either by jumping over the cork line 

 or finding some outlet below the footrope or lead line. 



The only other place on the coast where haul seines are important 

 is at Kariuk, on Kodiak Island, hi Alaska. Here the seines are 

 hauled upon the narrow gravel sj>it dividing the lagoon from the strait, 

 and practically the same method is followed as in the Columbia River. 



DIVER NETS 



These are in use in the Columbia River, mainly throughout the 

 middle and upper portions of the river. They vary from 100 to 200 

 fathoms in length and are used almost exclusively for chinook salmon. 

 In construction they somewhat resemble a trammel net. Two nets 

 are attached together side by side. The outer one, or the one toward 

 the oncoming fish, has a larger mesh than the other, so that if the fish 

 manages to pass through the first, it wall be caught in the smaller 

 meshes of the second. 



DIP NETS 



These consist of an iron hoop secured to the end of a stout pole 

 with a bag-shaped net fastened to the hoop. They are generally used 

 at the cascades on the rivers, small platforms being erected upon 

 which the operator stands while fishing. Indians formerly used them 

 to a large extent, but, owing to the steady decline in the number of 

 Indians, and the appropriation of favorable spots by the whites for 

 other forms of apparatus, they are but little used now. 



SQUAW NETS 



This type is virtually a set net. It consists of an oblong sheet of 

 gill netting, about 12 feet long and 8 feet deep, its lower edge weighted 

 to keep it down, and its upper edge attached to a pole that floats at 

 the surface, and is held by a line or lines to another projecting pole 

 which is securely fastened to the shore, so that it will not swing around 

 with the strain of the swift current on the net. A single block is 

 attached to the pole, and through this passes a rope, thus making a 

 tackle for the more convenient manipulation of the net. The dip-net 

 fishermen of the Columbia River use this net, which derives its name 

 from the fact that it used to be commonly operated by Indian squaws 

 for taking salmon. But few are now in use, for the same reasons as 

 given for the decline in the use of dip nets. 



PURSE SEINES 



This form of apparatus is in quite general use in Puget Sound and 

 southeast Alaska, and has proved highly effective m these deep, swift 

 waters. These seines are about 200 fathoms long, 25 fathoms in the 

 bunt, and 20 fathoms in the wings, all with a 3%-inch stretch mesh. 

 The foot line is heavily leaded and the bridles are about 10 feet long. 

 The purse line is made of l^o-inch hemp. The rmgs through which 

 the purse line is rove measure about 5 inches in diameter and are 

 made of galvanized iron. 



