PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES 481 



When all the fish are in the bunt and the latter alongside, the fish 

 are generall}^ dipped out by means of a dip net balanced on the end 

 of a tackle. A lishernian lowers it into the seine, scoops up a load of 

 salmon, and as the net is hauled up guides it over the vessel, and then 

 trips it and dumps the fish into the hold. 



The Puget Sound purse seiners meet the salmon off the entrance to 

 the Strait of Juan de Fuca and follow the sockeyes till they have 

 passed out of American waters, what are known as the Salmon Banks, 

 oft' the lower end of San Juan Island, being the principal rendezvous 

 during the run of sockeyes. After this run is over they go up the 

 Sound and fish for chums and cohos, and later go to the head of the 

 Sound and fish for chums, cohos, chinooks, and steelhead trout. In 

 southeast Alaska they follow the fish all over the bays, straits, and 

 sounds of that section. Purse seines are used in a few other places, 

 but the fishery is secondary to those with other forms of apparatus. 



This style of fishing is said to have been introduced on Puget Sound 

 by the Chinese in 1886. 



TRAPS OR POUND NETS 



A trap is stationary and consists of webbing, or part webbing and 

 part wire netting, held in place and position by driven piles. This 

 piling usually is held together above water by a continuous line of 

 wood stringers, also used to fasten webbing to or to walk on if 

 necessary. 



In building, the "lead" is first constructed. This runs at right 

 angles, or very nearly so, to the shore, and consists of a straight line 

 of stakes, to which wire or net webbing is hung from top of high water, 

 or a little higher, to the bottom, making a straight solid wall. 



At a little distance inshore of the outer end of the lead begin what 

 are called the "hearts." These are V-shaped and turned toward the 

 lead, beginning at a distance of 30 to 40 feet on either side of same and 

 running in the same general direction, the "big heart" or outer heart 

 first, the inner heart, supplementing the first, being smaller, and the 

 end of the outer heart leading into it. Some traps have only one heart. 

 The narrow end of the inner heart leads into the "pot " and forms what 

 is known as the "tunnel." The tunnel ends in a long and narrow 

 opening, running up and down the long way, and is held in position 

 by ropes and rods. Below this is what is known as the "apron," a 

 sheet of web stretched from the bottom of the heart upward to the pot, 

 in order to lead the fish into the tunnel when swimming low in the 

 water, and to obviate the necessity of building the pot clear to the 

 bottom, which would be expensive, as the pots of the traps are usually 

 in quite deep water. If the trap is intended to catch the fish coming 

 from only one direction, the lead generally runs to and is attached to 

 one side of the entrance to the outer heart on the side opposite to that 

 from which the fish are expected. 



vSome traps have "jiggers" (a hook-shaped extension of the outer 

 heart) on each side, and sometimes on only one side, which help to 

 turn the fish in the required direction. 



The "pot" is built out beyond the inner heart and immediately 

 adjoining same. It is a square compartment, with web walls and 

 bottom connected in the shape of a large square sack, fastened to 

 piling on all sides. This pot is hauled up and down by means of ropes 

 and tackles, either by hand or, as is most popular, by steam. 



