PACIFIC SALMON FISHERIES 491 



tip of the arrow fits into a socket, and when struck the tip, which 

 when loose is attached to the stock hy a lon^ string, comes out of the 

 socket and the arrow floats, easily locating the fish for the fisherman. 



SPEAR AND GAFF 



Spears of varying shapes and styles have been in use by the Indians 

 from time immemorial and are still employed on many rivers in 

 which salmon run. With the exception of the Chilkoot and Chilkat 

 Rivers of Alaska, practically all of the catch secured in this manner 

 is consumed by the fishermen and their families. In the Chilkoot 

 River the Indians have built numerous racks in the stream and 

 on the banks, upon which they stand and hook the fish out with 

 a gaft' attached to a pole. 



SPORT FISHING FOR SALMON 



The number of sportsmen who improve the opportunity presented 

 by the appearance of feeding springs and cohos is increasing yearly, 

 and in time this promises to far excel the sport salmon fishing of the 

 Atlantic coast. 



On Puget Sound and lower British Columbia waters the anglers 

 generally use ordinary trout fishing rods and tackle, with preferably 

 a short trolling tip on the rod when out for coho. Small spinners of 

 silver or copper, of about an inch in length, or else the small double 

 Tacoma spoons, are very good. A strong gut leader or trace of fine 

 piaao wire is frequently used, as the fish's teeth would cut through an 

 ordinary Ime. Where iron wire is used the salt water rusts it rapidly, 

 and unless the precaution is taken to dry off the wii'e and oil it after 

 using it can not be used for more than a couple of days. Sinkers 

 of an ounce or two in weight are generally employed with fine line. 



Many of the small spoons on the market have very cheap hooks, 

 and these are apt to straighten out or break with the strain of a large 

 fish. Hooks of the best steel will, however, stand up to this strain. 



One of the favorite spots for anglers is at the falls on the Willamette 

 River at Oregon City, Oreg. Another is on the Clackamas, a tributary 

 which debouches into the WillamiCtte near here. WTien the spring 

 rim of salmon appears in AprU, hundreds of anglers, many of them 

 from far distant points, appear to participate in the sport duiing 

 this month and in May. Many noted sportsmen have fished for 

 salmon at these spots. Among them was Rudyard Kipling,-^ and 

 his experiences were woven into a classic short story. 



The fishing ground is spread over a mile's length of the river, from 

 Clackamas rapids to the deadline at the falls. It is not an uncommon 

 sight to see 500 boats, each containing from one to six fishermen 

 and fisherwomen, dotting the river on favorable days during the 

 season. 



Two methods of fishing are followed. The most popular is to 

 anchor at the head of the Clackamas rapids or in swift water near 

 the falls and allow the rush of water to spin the trolling hook. In 

 the longer lengths of quieter water the sportsmen troll in slow motor 

 boats or rowboats. 



2' It was in 1889 that Kiplins; fished here, and his story was reprinted in The American Angler, Vol. II, 

 No. 2, December, 1917, pp. 41&-420. 



