634 V. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



Exports of canned salmon from Canada, 1916-1927 — Continued 



Destination 



Sierra Leone 



Spain 



Spanish Africa 



St. Pierre and Miquelon 



Sweden 



Switzerland 



Syria 



Trinidad and Tobago 



Turkey.. 



United Kingdom 



United States 



United States of Colombia 



Uruguay. 



Venezuela 



Virgin Islands of United States. 

 Yugoslavia. _ 



Total. 



Pounds 

 40,800 



1,700 

 7,200 

 79,700 



15, 263, 100 

 709, 300 



15,600 

 2,400 

 1,200 



54, 063, 500 



Pounds 

 128,600 



5,300 



1,800 



5,?00 



80, 500 



3,800 



160, 400 



28,800 



26, 576, 100 



1, 448, 000 



343, 800 

 '"'5,'800" 



77, 726, 400 



Pounds 



158, 300 



5,400 



26,600 



1,200 



10,200 



32,400 



2,400 



252, 400 



9, 800 



16, 588, 700 



211,000 



625, 800 



"'"9,"ioo" 



67, 088, 500 



1927 



Pounds 

 32, 400 

 1,200 

 26,000 



31,400 



32,200 



59,500 



226, 500 



7,300 



12, 775, 100 



2, 166, 900 



4,800 

 614,400 



8,1.00 

 60, 153, 900 



SALMON CULTURE ^2 



The artificial culture of salmon on the Pacific coast has developed 

 into a large and constantly expanding industry. The United States 

 Bureau of Fisheries operates a number of large and well-equipped 

 hatcheries, while the State governments of Cahfornia, Oregon, and 

 Washington, the Dominion of Canada and the Province of British 

 Columbia, and certain private companies have built and maintain 

 a large number of hatcheries, some of these being among the largest 

 in the world. 



OBTAINING THE SPAWNING FISH 



The eggs used for artificial propagation are obtained from salmon 

 taken on their way upstream to the natural spawning grounds. In 

 order to arrest the ascent of the fish a rack is usually built across 

 the stream. Where this is not feasible a trap is sometimes con- 

 structed for the purpose of catching the fish. Sometimes the racks 

 have slat traps attached in which some fish are caught. 



John Pease Babcock, assistant to the Commissioner of Fisheries 

 of the Province of British Columbia, in 1910 advanced a novel sug- 

 gestion that freshly fertilized eggs buried immediately under sand and 

 gravel would produce strong healthy fry at less cost than under exist- 

 ing hatching methods, and that fry so produced are stronger and 

 more capable of resisting the attacks of their active enemies. The 

 interesting account of his experiments is reproduced entire : "'^ 



In writing of the propagation of salmon and tront, some authorities state that 

 considerable loss is occasioned in natural propagation by many of the eggs 

 becoming embedded in sand and gravel; that all the eggs so embedded are lost. 



Observation and experiment in the propagation of Pacific salmon and trout for 

 a considerable period lead me to advance the theory that in natural propagation 



<2 After the third revision was completed there appeared an excellent work on this subject, entitled "Arti- 

 ficial Propagation of the Salmons of the Pacific Coast," revised and enlarged by Henry O'Malley. Appen- 

 dix II, Report, U. S. Commissioner of Fisheries, 1919, 32 pp., 9 pis. Washington, 1920. As this reiwrt 

 hrouglit the art of fish culture up to date it was decided, in order to reduce the size of this report to eliminate 

 from it the methods of the art and refer the reader to Mr. O'Malley's excellent work. As a result the chapter 

 on Salmon Culture now embraces the historical and statistical aspects. 



" Some Experiments in the Burial of Salmon Eggs— Suggesting a New Method of Hatching Salmon and 

 Trout. By John Pease Babcock. Transactions, American Fisheries Society, 1910, pp. 393-395. Wash- 

 ington, 1911. 



This method has been carried out on a considerable scale by A. Robertson, a Dominion of Canada 

 hatchery superintendent located on the Eraser River, and the results published in "Hatching Salmon 

 Fry in Gravel," Pacific Fisherman, Seattle, Wash., Vol. 17, No. 6, June, 1919, p. 38, illus. 



