660 U. S. BUREAU OF FISHERIES 



COLUMBIA RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES 



The first fish-cultural work upon the Columbia River and in Ore- 

 gon was at Clackamas, on the Clackamas River, a tributary of the 

 Willamette River, which empties into the Columbia River about 180 

 miles from its mouth. 



Tliis hatchery was built in 1876 by the Oregon & Washington Fish 

 Propagating Co., which operated it until 1880. In 1887 the State 

 provided for and there was appointed a State fish commission. 

 Almost the first work of the commission was to spend SI 2, 000 appro- 

 priated by the legislature to put in repair and operate this hatchery. 

 On July 1, 1888, it was informally turned over to the United States 

 Commission of Fish and Fisheries, wliich paid over the purchase 

 price, took formal possession in the following winter, and has oper- 

 ated it ever since, with the exception of several years when the build- 

 ing of dams stopped the progress of salmon to the hatchery. During 

 this period a temporary station for the collection of eggs was estab- 

 lished on Sandy River, about 15 miles away, and on Salmon River, 

 a tributary of Sandy River, both tributaries of the Columbia River. 

 Some eggs were also brought in from the California hatcheries and 

 hatched at the Clackamas station. In 1901 the hatchery was moved 

 about 4 miles down the river and has since been operated as both 

 a rearing and a collecting station. In 1901 the State established 

 another hatchery on the Clackamas River about 30 miles below the 

 main station and between the north and south forks. In 1904 all 

 were turned over to the United States. In 1915 the hatchery was 

 moved again. In 1907 an experimental station for the collection of 

 eggs of the early variety of chinook salmon was established by the 

 State of Oregon on the Clackamas River below the Portland Railway, 

 Light & Power Co.'s dam at Cazadero, but this was later operated by 

 the United States Bureau of Fisheries. The building of a dam having 

 cut off this station, another was estabhshed in 1913 at a point 30 miles 

 distant from Portland. 



In 1889 the State established a hatchery in the caimery of F. M. 

 Warren, at Warrendale, in Multnomah County, on the Columbia 

 River, which was operated in that year and in 1890. 



In 1895 some of the Oregon salmon packers combined and organ- 

 ized the Columbia River Packers Propagating Co., which estal)- 

 lished a hatchery on the upper Clackamas River at the junction of 

 the Warm Springs and the Clackamas and operated it in 1895 and 

 1896. The Government operated it in 1897 and 1898, after which 

 it was turned over to the State and moved to the opposite side of 

 the river. 



In 1898 the collection of steelhead-trout eggs was first undertaken 

 on the northwest coast by the State of Oregon on Salmon River, a 

 tributary of the Columbia River, and met with fair success. In 

 March, 1899, the Government sent a party to the falls of the Willam- 

 ette River, near Oregon City, to collect steelhead eggs, and also 

 operated for this purpose at its substation on the Salmon River, but 

 the latter effort met with failure, as the rack was washed away. 

 This station was turned over to the State on June 15, 1899. 



In 1901 the State of Oregon did some experimental work at Swan 

 Falls, on Snake River, the boundary for a considerable distance 

 between Oregon and Idaho. During the winter and early spring of 

 1902 the State also worked Tucannon River, which is a tributary of 



